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What is Power-to-Gas?
Mis à jour le
March 6, 2026
5
Min reading
The energy transition will undoubtedly be the biggest challenge of the century. On the SirEnergies blog, we usually present to you the various technological innovations that will play a major role in this company.
Today we are going to talk about what is called Power-to-gas. It is one of the three ways to produce renewable green gas. One of the main obstacles to the use of renewables such as wind turbines is Intermittent production.
Power-to-Gas makes it possible to use Surpluses in electricity production when the network does not necessarily need it for produce gas. It is a way of using the overproduction of renewable production assets.
In this article, we will present to you the principles, maturity and uses of this technology.
How does Power-to-Gas work?
The mode of operation
To function, the electrical network requires a perfect balance between electricity production and consumption. Wind turbines and solar panels produce when there is wind or sun, so sometimes that time is not necessarily right.
The idea behind Power-to-Gas is to make this operational problem an asset for the energy transition.
It is therefore a question of using carbon-free electricity in order to produce Hydrogen by electrolysis of water. This hydrogen can then be used to produce electricity, or can be stored for later use. Hydrogen can also be mixed with other gases in order to produce “green” gas (because it comes from an energy that does not emit CO2).
What is the point of Power-to-Gas?
The main advantages of Power-to-Gas are:
- This technology makes it possible to use Surpluses in renewable electricity production. It then allows several different uses depending on the needs and topology of the network at this location. In fact, if there is an industrial area in the area, it may be interesting to store and then transport hydrogen to the industrial site. If this is not possible, it is also interesting to transform the hydrogen produced into methane, then to inject it directly into the network of natural gas operated by GRDF.
- This technology will allow the large-scale development of a genuine hydrogen industry. Indeed, H2 is a crucial element of this system. We know that it is one of the most promising innovations today, but it still suffers from a certain reluctance on the part of private and public investors.
- It allows a synergy between the various renewable energy sources and all this in a virtuous circle for the environment. We are therefore seeing the emergence of a synergy between wind and solar technologies with hydrogen. But these devices can also offer a combination of methanization and methanation installations.
- The fact of developing a French gas industry could make it possible to reduce France's energy dependence, in this period of instability in the supply of gas from abroad and mainly from Russia.
Hydrogen, the energy vector of the future
As we said earlier, Hydrogen is the cornerstone of this system. This energy appears to be the vector, the means of transporting clean energy. The electricity produced can be used in a water electrolysis process to produce hydrogen.
The hydrogen in question can be stored and then used later in its gaseous form or used to produce electricity thanks to A hydrogen fuel cell.
Source: TheConversation.com
It is for these reasons that hydrogen is perceived as a solution for the future. However, it is necessary to see the emergence of a genuine hydrogen industrial fabric in France. There are several initiatives that we will look at later.
What are the limitations of the process?
One of the limitations of hydrogen electrolysis is installation cost. It is an industrial investment that involves a number of risks and costs inherent in this type of project.
The difficulty of storage is also one of the limits of this energy. Its transport and distribution can also raise safety questions, as hydrogen remains a flammable substance.
This process also raises some criticisms regarding its electricity consumption, which is not entirely renewable. Sometimes it is necessary to compensate for this lack of electricity through the network and therefore, sometimes, through thermal power plants.
Power-to-Gas: Projects in France and some key figures
The GRHYD project
The GRHYD project is an acronym for Network Management through Hydrogen Injection to Decarbonize Energies. It's about first major project in the development of hydrogen in France. It was launched in 2014 and is currently managed by ENGIE.
It also has the support of ADEME. The location of this project is located in the urban community of Dunkerque.
This is a project to inject Hythane fuel for mobility purposes as well as hydrogen to heat homes near Dunkerque.
Source: GRDF
The Jupiter 1000 Project
The Jupiter 1000 project is also one of the most successful in France. Located in Fos-sur-Mer, this project uses excess electricity to convert it into hydrogen by two electrolysers, but also into synthetic methane using a methanation reactor.
It also has a structure of CO2 capture from neighboring industrial fumes, which reinforces its sustainable aspect. It is located near an important point in the network of RTE And of Teréga/GRTgaz.
Source: Jupiter1000.eu
What about the neighboring countries?
Today, there are more than 70 projects identified in Europe, including several industrial demonstrators. For example, there are demonstrators in Hungary, Holland or even Poland.
Power-to-Gas has not yet reached the stage of industrial maturity in any country in Europe or in the world.
But the most advanced country among our European neighbors in the field remains Germany, with numerous large-scale projects. In this respect, we can mention the project. Energiepark Mainz, with a capacity of more than 6 MW, or the project WindGas Falkenhagen which operates 2 MW and has been active since 2013.
Does Power-to-Gas have a future in France?
This technology is set to be developed thanks to the strong electrification of uses. It is certain that the energy transition and the objective of carbon neutrality require scaling up on this type of technology, the vast majority of which are controlled.
It is also essential to see the public authorities support this type of initiative, such as the transformation of a former coal-fired power plant that was shut down by the group. GazelEnergie in France.
Public subsidies are essential in order to stimulate private investment in these types of cases. The reindustrialization of the site that GazelEnergie is undertaking is an example of a long-term investment.
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Pourquoi la France a-t-elle exporté un volume record d'électricité en 2025 ?
Ce record de 92,3 TWh s'explique par la conjonction de trois facteurs :
- Le redressement du parc nucléaire : Après les problèmes de corrosion sous contrainte de 2022, la production nucléaire a retrouvé une forte disponibilité (373 TWh).
- L'essor des renouvelables : Une capacité installée en hausse (solaire et éolien) et une production hydraulique solide.
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The €/MWh is a price unit used in wholesale markets, while kWh is the unit visible on your bills.
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Sourcing consists in identifying and analysing the offers of several electricity and gas suppliers. This approach makes it possible to obtain contracts adapted to the consumption profile and budgetary constraints of the company.
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Le processus repose sur l'utilisation de la force de l'eau (énergie cinétique) issue des courants, des chutes d'eau ou des dénivelés. Le fonctionnement suit trois étapes clés :
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La distribution (Enedis) s'apparente aux "routes départementales" et aux rues. Elle récupère l'électricité à la sortie du réseau de transport pour la livrer directement chez le client final, en abaissant la tension pour qu'elle soit utilisable par vos appareils.
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Among the taxes include TICFE, TICGN, CTA, CJA and TURPE. They represent a significant part of the bill and vary according to consumption profiles. Understanding them well is essential to optimize costs.
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L'augmentation s'explique par la revalorisation de l'Accise sur le gaz à 16,39 €/MWh et la hausse de 3,41 % du tarif de transport (ATRT 8).
S'y ajoute l'entrée en vigueur des Certificats de Production de Biogaz (CPB), un nouveau coût réglementaire pour soutenir le biométhane.
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Quel est le nouveau record 2025 d'exportation d'électricité de la France ?
En 2025, la France a atteint un solde exportateur net de 92,3 TWh, battant le précédent record de 2024 (89 TWh).
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Le dispositif ARENH a laissé place au VNU (Versement Nucléaire Universel).
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L'hydroélectricité est-elle une énergie "propre" ?
Oui, elle est considérée comme une énergie renouvelable à faibles émissions de gaz à effet de serre.
De plus, l'eau ne subit aucune transformation chimique durant le cycle de production et réintègre son milieu naturel en aval.
Cependant, la construction de barrages nécessite des mesures pour protéger les écosystèmes (débit minimum, passes à poissons).
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Exceeding capacity leads to financial penalties and can impact the size of the contract. Adjust the correctly subscribed power makes it possible to avoid these additional costs.
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C'est le levier le plus rapide pour obtenir des résultats visibles. L'éclairage représente environ 40 % de la consommation d'électricité d'une commune.
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En vertu du mécanisme de l'Ordre de Mérite (Merit Order), les centrales les moins coûteuses (nucléaire, renouvelables) couvrent la demande plus souvent, évinçant les centrales à gaz ou charbon plus onéreuses.
Cela multiplie les épisodes de prix bas, voire négatifs, sur le marché spot.
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