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Is the data from smart meters secure?
Mis à jour le
March 6, 2026
6
Min reading
The deployment of the Linky meter in France officially began on December 1, 2015 for private consumers.
At the beginning of 2022, Enedis almost finalized its deployment and nearly 90% of target consumers were equipped at the end of 2021.
This is a revolution for the private sector, but you should know that the use of smart meters is very common when it comes to larger sites (shops, offices, factories, etc.).
Smart meters improve both network management and services provided to consumers. Their use reduces the overall cost for the community; these results can be observed in a few years.
However, is the data that passes through these meters secure? At a time when cybercrime is developing at breakneck speed, it is legitimate to question data security, especially in a sensitive sector such as electricity.
What is a smart meter?
The Linky smart meter
The Linky Is the smart meter deployed by The network operator Enedis for its individual customers. Since 2016, more than 35 million meters have been installed across France. This counter allows you to Store then to send daily consumption data at a predefined and adjustable frequency.
This counter therefore allows you to Count consumption accurately, and to no longer wait for an Enedis technician to come by in order to know its consumption more precisely.
Unlike the old so-called electromechanical counters, the Linky is numerical. It therefore allows you to communicate directly with The network manager distribution via PLC (line carrier current).
This information arrives in the concentrator (generally located in the transformer station) to which the site is attached. They are then sent to Enedis. This technology therefore makes it possible to send information directly to the manager's information system.
This meter therefore makes it possible to give a better view of the consumption of a household, thus giving back to the consumer An actor in the energy transition.
But it also makes it possible to replace 70% of physical interventions (according to Enedis) by remote actions to read meters.
The Gazpar communicating meter
Gas network operators are also concerned by these technological innovations in data metering. GRDF, which is the company responsible for managing gas distribution networks, has developed its smart meter model. Unlike Linky, Gazpar For its part, uses radio waves to send consumption information.
This box transmits its data twice a day, so information is sent by radio waves from the box to the hub, on the 169 MHz frequency. Each of these shipments takes less than one second.
Finally, the concentrator, generally located high up, on the roof of a building for example, will be in charge of Communicate consumer information to GRDF information systems via GSM waves. The technologies used are therefore different from Linky, but the overall functioning remains the same.
Are smart meters mandatory?
There is a very clear European regulation on this subject, which dates from 2010. The European Directive 2009/72/EC provided that 80% of the meters installed should be communicating by the end of 2020. This directive has been transcribed into French law in the Energy Code: Decree No. 2010-1022 which” Makes the implementation of smart meters by Enedis mandatory ”.
This directive only applies to managers with at least 100,000 delivery points. Network operators are therefore obliged to modernise their infrastructures, with the meters belonging to the network manager. Therefore, Smart meters are actually mandatory. On the other hand, it should be noted that there are currently no clear legal provisions to punish a recalcitrant customer.
For more information, do not hesitate to consult our article on: Is Linky mandatory?
What data are communicated by smart meters?
Data communicated by smart meters
In general, smart meters will send daily and monthly consumption data from a delivery point at a selected frequency. Thus, as an end consumer, you can have your consumption curve up to one half-clockwise granularity (a curve at a 30-minute interval). It depends on the consumer's choice, he can activate or deactivate it at will via his customer area.
Source: CNIL
Thanks to its fine counting of consumption, the Linky also makes it possible to recover the maximum power reached. The data is global in relation to housing and does not give details on the consumption of each device.
To perform this type of operation, it is necessary to connect numerous sensors directly to the devices.
What is the role of the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) in data protection?
It's the CNIL which is responsible for protecting the interests of French consumers in terms of personal data. It is a independent administrative authority, like the Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE), which may have recourse to dissuasive sanctions.
For example, the CNIL put the energy supplier Direct Énergie on notice, because it considered that the way in which it obtained the consent of customers for the exploitation of their data was abusive. Data that, according to the law, “can however only be collected after obtaining the consent of the persons concerned”.
The role of the CNIL has taken on particular importance since the European regulation relating to personal data (RGPD).
How can you access your own consumption data?
Access to consumption data and consumption indexes has been simplified with the arrival of Linky. Customers can visualize or upload their data directly from their client area. They can go through their energy suppliers, who need to recover their data and expose it.
Source: Enedis customer area
In this respect, we must commend Enedis's efforts to digitize and make data available in order to provide access to this data. This represents a considerable amount of work in terms of information systems management.
Smart meters have existed for many years in the energy landscape. In electricity, we can cite in particular SAPHIR or PME-PMI counters which continue to equip businesses today. Their democratization among individuals appeared with Linky and Gazpar.
At a time of energy transition, it is crucial for consumers to become energy players. Companies and associations have every interest in exploiting this data to accelerate energy sobriety.
This includes knowing their energy-related data, so that we can each take the necessary measures concerning, among other things, energy waste.
Finally, it is thanks to the modernization of the network that Enedis makes operations possible of self-consumption. Operations that promote the environment and the fight against global warming.
Did you know that?
The consumption data export feature allows you to closely monitor your electricity consumption with data that is updated daily.
No need to wait until the end of the month to find out how much you consumed, you are now monitoring your consumption in real time!
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Le transport (RTE) correspond aux "autoroutes" de l’électricité. Il s’agit de transporter de très grandes quantités d'énergie sur de longues distances, depuis les centrales de production (nucléaires, barrages, parcs éoliens offshore) vers les régions de consommation.
La distribution (Enedis) s'apparente aux "routes départementales" et aux rues. Elle récupère l'électricité à la sortie du réseau de transport pour la livrer directement chez le client final, en abaissant la tension pour qu'elle soit utilisable par vos appareils.
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Pourquoi le kVA est-il crucial pour les entreprises ?
Parce que la puissance souscrite en kVA détermine le prix de l'abonnement et que tout dépassement peut entraîner des surcoûts importants.
How to properly define your subscribed power?
The subscribed power must be calculated according to the consumption profile and uses (heating, industrial processes, tertiary equipment). One fine analysis makes it possible to ensure the adequacy between real need and contract.
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Un appel d’offres permet de mettre en concurrence plusieurs fournisseurs d’électricité et de gaz afin d’obtenir des conditions contractuelles optimisées. C’est une démarche transparente qui permet de choisir l’offre la plus adaptée aux besoins budgétaires et techniques de l’organisation.
What are the consequences of overpowering?
Exceeding capacity leads to financial penalties and can impact the size of the contract. Adjust the correctly subscribed power makes it possible to avoid these additional costs.
Pourquoi la France a-t-elle exporté un volume record d'électricité en 2025 ?
Ce record de 92,3 TWh s'explique par la conjonction de trois facteurs :
- Le redressement du parc nucléaire : Après les problèmes de corrosion sous contrainte de 2022, la production nucléaire a retrouvé une forte disponibilité (373 TWh).
- L'essor des renouvelables : Une capacité installée en hausse (solaire et éolien) et une production hydraulique solide.
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How do I get a tax exemption?
Some businesses may obtain a partial or total exemption from the TICFE or the TICGN, depending on their activity and energy intensity. The support of an expert makes it possible to identify the eligibility criteria and to put together the file.
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Qu'est-ce qui remplace l'ARENH depuis le 1er janvier 2026 ?
Le dispositif ARENH a laissé place au VNU (Versement Nucléaire Universel).
Ce changement structurel expose davantage les entreprises aux prix de gros, rendant la gestion des risques plus complexe qu'auparavant.
Il devient alors indispensable de définir une stratégie d'achat d'électricité avec Sirenergies pour lisser l'impact de la volatilité des marchés sur votre budget.
Is Bellenergie Business electricity really green?
Yes. The supplier guarantees an offer 100% renewable via the official Guarantees of Origin (GO) mechanism.
For the most demanding companies, the offer GREENVOLT+ ensures very low carbon intensity electricity, sourced exclusively from independent French producers (hydraulic, wind, solar).
What is the difference between €/MWh and kWh?
The €/MWh is a price unit used in wholesale markets, while kWh is the unit visible on your bills.
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En 2025, la France a atteint un solde exportateur net de 92,3 TWh, battant le précédent record de 2024 (89 TWh).
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These are signals sent by RTE during periods of tension on the electrical network. The Sirenergies tool informs you in real time to anticipate your uses.
What are the electricity offers offered by bellenergie Business?
The range E @sy is available in four pricing structures to adapt to each risk profile:
- E @sy Fixed: 100% budget visibility without variation.
- E @sy Click: Smoothed price thanks to staggered purchases on the markets.
- E @sy Block + Spot: A mix between a secure base and a portion indexed to daily prices.
- E @sy Sport: A 100% dynamic offer to take advantage of downside opportunities in real time.
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Farms are subject to taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies verifies their application, identifies cases of exemption and accompanies the procedures to reduce the tax burden.
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Sourcing consists in identifying and analysing the offers of several electricity and gas suppliers. This approach makes it possible to obtain contracts adapted to the consumption profile and budgetary constraints of the company.
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How do I read an electricity or gas bill?
One invoice consists of several elements: consumption, supplier share, taxes and contributions. The analysis of each line makes it possible to identify possible errors and to check the consistency with the signed contract.
Qu'est-ce que le cosinus phi
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L'hydroélectricité est-elle une énergie "propre" ?
Oui, elle est considérée comme une énergie renouvelable à faibles émissions de gaz à effet de serre.
De plus, l'eau ne subit aucune transformation chimique durant le cycle de production et réintègre son milieu naturel en aval.
Cependant, la construction de barrages nécessite des mesures pour protéger les écosystèmes (débit minimum, passes à poissons).
What are the main taxes applicable?
Among the taxes include TICFE, TICGN, CTA, CJA and TURPE. They represent a significant part of the bill and vary according to consumption profiles. Understanding them well is essential to optimize costs.
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