
March 6, 2026
6
Min reading

The recent conflict in Ukraine highlights the importance of energy independence of the states of the European Union. Indeed, it is one of the priorities set out by many heads of state of European countries.
To address this question, you still need to know what is the energy mix French and European.
We will therefore try to establish a broad overview of the means of production installed in France and Europe. It is crucial to know the European energy mix in order to adapt it to the energy transition.
There are several concepts that are different from each other. First of all, the energy mix (or bouquet) refers to the distribution among the various energy sources used by a specific geographical area (a continent, a country...).
Indeed, each country has different energy sources, imported or produced on site. The energy mix thus makes it possible to know the distribution of the energy used as well as the dependence of a country from an energy point of view.
Primary energies used within an area are of different types: electricity, fuel, heat production...
This representation makes it possible to calculate the share of fossil and renewable energies in a country.
For example, the United States has an energy mix that is partly composed of oil (37%) and gas (29%). Whereas in France, as we will see, nuclear energy plays an important role.
The differences between countries depend on demographics, the country's natural resources as well as numerous other parameters such as energy policy.

Source: Geo
It should be remembered that to date the world is ultra-dependent on fossil fuels. They represent more than 80% of the global energy mix.
The concept of Electrical mix refers to the distribution of the various means of electricity production in a geographical area. Electrical production will be broken down into several sources used.
It will thus be possible to calculate the share of renewable energy as well as that of fossil fuels in a region. We then talk about Electrical production mix.
For example, Iceland has an electricity mix with a high renewable proportion. The Icelandic electricity mix has changed little since 2012.
RTE, the electricity transmission system operator, publishes live information about the electricity mix on a daily basis. The site Eco2mix allows you to visualize this data.

Source: Eco2mix
These concepts should not be confused with the final energy consumption of a region. Generally, the energy produced on site must serve local needs, but this is not always the case. Some countries produce a certain type of production in order to export as much as possible, while promoting the consumption of another type.
It is for this reason that the production and The consumption of a country are never exactly equal, whether it's primary energy or electricity. We then talk about Electrical consumption mix.

Source: Ministry of the Environment, Energy and the Sea
In France, the energy mix is largely dominated by fossil fuels such as petroleum or natural gas. Petroleum products are still a widely used resource and essential to our economy.
The whole challenge of The energy transition is found in this energy mix. Indeed, the objectives to be achieved by 2025 and 2030 will necessarily change the composition of the French mix.
The electrification of our uses and in particular sectors such as transport is a prerequisite for the transition and climate challenges.

Source: Ministry of the Environment, Energy and the Sea
Energy efficiency is also an important factor to consider. Indeed, many public policies massively subsidize energy efficiency measures (EEC, help...).
The energy mix is a tool for estimating whether these measures are effective in order to reduce final energy consumption.
As an avid reader of SirEnergies, you know that Nuclear energy represents an important part of the electricity production mix. Currently, it is estimated that it represents more than 70% of production on French territory.
Recent political movements will be decisive for the future of this source of electricity. Nevertheless, it is likely that the French nuclear power program will continue to develop in the years to come.

Source: RTE
French production fell in 2020, in part due to the global Covid health crisis.
Les renewables, and in particular the projects Of solar energy, have been growing strongly in recent years. The energy transition requires a varied and complementary energy mix, between, on the one hand, intermittent energies but “clean” and, on the other hand, basic energies, sometimes unfortunately fossil fuels.
The current geopolitical tensions remind us that choice of energy strategy are crucial. For example, Germany currently has to use coal due to the lack of active nuclear capabilities, Russian gas supplies being more and more uncertain.
It should be remembered that Europe is the third largest consumer of energy after the juggernauts that are the United States and China.
Les hydrocarbons and others petroleum products are still a very important part of the European energy landscape.
Oil dominates the ranking with nearly 36%, gas is second (22%) and finally one of the energies responsible for CO2 emissions, coal (11%).
In terms of consumption, Germany is the country that consumes the most energy in Europe, far ahead of France, the United Kingdom and Italy.

Source: Wikipedia
In Europe, situations differ greatly from one country to another, whether in terms of production technologies or fossil/renewable ratios.

Source: Energy Knowledge
As you can see, in 2020, total electricity production in Europe was 2,760 TWh. In comparison, France represents 450 TWh on average per year.
Nuclear power comes out on top, with France as the most nuclear-armed country.
With respect to renewable energies, the Scandinavian countries come out on top, mainly thanks to their hydroelectric productions. France still has a long way to go in order to reach the level of development of wind and solar energies in its neighbors.

Source: Eurostat
Europe is mainly an energy importer. More than 60% of European countries in 2019 had a negative energy trade balance, i.e. they imported more energy than they produced.
Europe produces little primary energy and imports hydrocarbons in a significant way. Each country is dependent on imports from its neighbours.

Source: Eurostat
First of all, first of all the russia, which accounts for 40% of oil imports and 29% of gas imports in Europe.
Then, the norway takes second place and this is due to its very important hydraulic capacities which allow it to export a lot of energy.
Beyond these two countries, the rest of the imports are shared between several suppliers (algeria, qatar...).
This is how one understands the crucial nature of energy supply, so as not to end up in situations of shortage. There is no doubt that in the coming months, the various electoral events as well as the geopolitical evolution of Europe will shape and modify this energy mix.
So what will be the energy mix in the coming decades? It is certain that the renewables will occupy an important place in the years to come.
The major climate transition that we are beginning is irremediably linked to a decrease in our CO2 emissions. It is up to the public authorities to make the efforts necessary for this transition.

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Non. L'IA traite la donnée (data processing), mais l'analyste apporte la compréhension du contexte (market sentiment) et la prise de décision stratégique.
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The range E @sy is available in four pricing structures to adapt to each risk profile:
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The central objective of PPE 3 is to engage France towards carbon neutrality by 2050 by breaking the country's historical dependence on fossil fuels.
Today, approximately 60% of final energy consumption in France still relies on imported oil and natural gas. PPE 3 aims to radically reverse this trend by setting an ambitious target: to reach 60% of carbon-free energies in final consumption by 2030.
To achieve this, PPE 3 pursues three major sub-objectives:
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Exceeding capacity leads to financial penalties and can impact the size of the contract. Adjust the correctly subscribed power makes it possible to avoid these additional costs.
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The industry is concerned by TICFE, TICGN and other contributions that may represent an important part of invoices. Sirenergies identifies cases of exemption and accompanies the procedures to benefit from them.
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Tertiary companies must manage their energy costs while guaranteeing the comfort of users (offices, shops, services). Consumption is often linked to heating, air conditioning and lighting, which requires precise monitoring to avoid budgetary excesses.
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L'augmentation s'explique par la revalorisation de l'Accise sur le gaz à 16,39 €/MWh et la hausse de 3,41 % du tarif de transport (ATRT 8).
S'y ajoute l'entrée en vigueur des Certificats de Production de Biogaz (CPB), un nouveau coût réglementaire pour soutenir le biométhane.
Face à ces évolutions, Sirenergies vous accompagne dans l'achat de gaz naturel pour sécuriser vos prix malgré la volatilité du marché.
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Parce que la puissance souscrite en kVA détermine le prix de l'abonnement et que tout dépassement peut entraîner des surcoûts importants.
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Tertiary companies are concerned by taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies checks the accuracy of invoices, identifies possible exemptions, and helps correct errors to sustainably reduce costs.
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La fin de l'ARENH (Accès Régulé à l'Électricité Nucléaire Historique) marque l'arrêt de la fourniture d'électricité à prix fixe garanti (42 €/MWh).
Dès le 1er janvier 2026, les entreprises sont exposées aux prix de marché, mais deux nouveaux mécanismes de régulation prennent le relais, bien que leur logique soit différente :
Conseil stratégique : Ne comptez pas sur le VNU pour réduire votre facture en 2026 si les marchés restent stables. Auditez vos contrats dès maintenant pour intégrer une part de prix fixe ou explorer des "Power Purchase Agreements" (PPA) pour sécuriser vos coûts sur le long terme.
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Absolument. La réforme des heures creuses vise à absorber la surproduction solaire en milieu de journée. Les créneaux d'heures creuses se déplacent progressivement vers la plage 11h00 – 17h00, notamment en été. C'est une opportunité majeure pour les sites industriels ou tertiaires capables de flexibilité.
Conseil stratégique :
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Le kVA mesure la capacité maximale que votre compteur peut supporter à un instant T, tandis que le kWh mesure la quantité d'énergie consommée sur une durée.
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C'est l'indicateur d'efficacité d'un appareil électrique ; il représente le ratio entre la puissance active (utile) et la puissance apparente (totale).
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Ce seuil est jugé élevé par rapport aux prévisions actuelles du marché. Si le prix de l'électricité reste en dessous de 78 €/MWh, les entreprises ne bénéficieront d'aucune redistribution. Cela signifie que la protection promise par la réforme pourrait être inexistante dans un marché baissier, d'où l'importance de stratégies de sourcing agiles et d'outils de monitoring comme Pilott.
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Le transport (RTE) correspond aux "autoroutes" de l’électricité. Il s’agit de transporter de très grandes quantités d'énergie sur de longues distances, depuis les centrales de production (nucléaires, barrages, parcs éoliens offshore) vers les régions de consommation.
La distribution (Enedis) s'apparente aux "routes départementales" et aux rues. Elle récupère l'électricité à la sortie du réseau de transport pour la livrer directement chez le client final, en abaissant la tension pour qu'elle soit utilisable par vos appareils.
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En 2025, la France a atteint un solde exportateur net de 92,3 TWh, battant le précédent record de 2024 (89 TWh).
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Ce record de 92,3 TWh s'explique par la conjonction de trois facteurs :
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La Vente de Nucléaire Universelle (VNU) est le nouveau mécanisme de régulation des prix de l'électricité en France. Contrairement à l'ARENH, il ne s'agit plus d'un volume fixe à prix réduit, mais d'une redistribution financière des revenus excédentaires d'EDF aux consommateurs, basée sur les prix de marché et les coûts de production du nucléaire historique.
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The subscribed power must be calculated according to the consumption profile and uses (heating, industrial processes, tertiary equipment). One fine analysis makes it possible to ensure the adequacy between real need and contract.
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Chaque modèle d'IA répond à un besoin spécifique du cycle d'achat :
L'expertise humaine reste néanmoins indispensable.
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Yes. The supplier guarantees an offer 100% renewable via the official Guarantees of Origin (GO) mechanism.
For the most demanding companies, the offer GREENVOLT+ ensures very low carbon intensity electricity, sourced exclusively from independent French producers (hydraulic, wind, solar).
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Le prix Forward est fixé à l'avance (sécurité budgétaire), tandis que le prix Spot varie heure par heure selon le marché (opportunité mais risque élevé).
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Sourcing consists in identifying and analysing the offers of several electricity and gas suppliers. This approach makes it possible to obtain contracts adapted to the consumption profile and budgetary constraints of the company.
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This makes it possible to choose the right time to contract, secure your budgets and anticipate increases.
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Car les marchés dépendent de facteurs exogènes imprévisibles (géopolitique, météo soudaine, politique) que les modèles basés sur l'historique ne peuvent pas anticiper, tout comme on ne prédit pas le Loto.
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L'abondance de production française tire les prix du marché de gros vers le bas.
En vertu du mécanisme de l'Ordre de Mérite (Merit Order), les centrales les moins coûteuses (nucléaire, renouvelables) couvrent la demande plus souvent, évinçant les centrales à gaz ou charbon plus onéreuses.
Cela multiplie les épisodes de prix bas, voire négatifs, sur le marché spot.
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Le processus repose sur l'utilisation de la force de l'eau (énergie cinétique) issue des courants, des chutes d'eau ou des dénivelés. Le fonctionnement suit trois étapes clés :
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Communities are subject to taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies analyzes invoices, identifies exemption possibilities and fixes possible errors to reduce the tax burden.
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Le dispositif ARENH a laissé place au VNU (Versement Nucléaire Universel).
Ce changement structurel expose davantage les entreprises aux prix de gros, rendant la gestion des risques plus complexe qu'auparavant.
Il devient alors indispensable de définir une stratégie d'achat d'électricité avec Sirenergies pour lisser l'impact de la volatilité des marchés sur votre budget.
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The €/MWh is a price unit used in wholesale markets, while kWh is the unit visible on your bills.
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C'est le levier le plus rapide pour obtenir des résultats visibles. L'éclairage représente environ 40 % de la consommation d'électricité d'une commune.
Passer au LED avec pilotage intelligent permet de réduire la facture de 50 à 80 %, avec un retour sur investissement (ROI) rapide, souvent estimé à 2 ou 3 ans.
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Instauré en 2017, ce dispositif répond à un enjeu de sécurité nationale.
L'électricité ne se stockant pas à grande échelle, le réseau doit être capable de répondre instantanément à la demande, même lors des pics de froid hivernaux. Le mécanisme incite financièrement les producteurs à maintenir leurs centrales disponibles et les entreprises à réduire leur consommation (effacement) lors de ces périodes critiques.
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These are signals sent by RTE during periods of tension on the electrical network. The Sirenergies tool informs you in real time to anticipate your uses.
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Farms are subject to taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies verifies their application, identifies cases of exemption and accompanies the procedures to reduce the tax burden.
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Oui, elle est considérée comme une énergie renouvelable à faibles émissions de gaz à effet de serre.
De plus, l'eau ne subit aucune transformation chimique durant le cycle de production et réintègre son milieu naturel en aval.
Cependant, la construction de barrages nécessite des mesures pour protéger les écosystèmes (débit minimum, passes à poissons).
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Un appel d’offres permet de mettre en concurrence plusieurs fournisseurs d’électricité et de gaz afin d’obtenir des conditions contractuelles optimisées. C’est une démarche transparente qui permet de choisir l’offre la plus adaptée aux besoins budgétaires et techniques de l’organisation.
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One invoice consists of several elements: consumption, supplier share, taxes and contributions. The analysis of each line makes it possible to identify possible errors and to check the consistency with the signed contract.
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In 2025, the supplier had a NPS (Net Promoter Score) of +16 and a note of 4,17/5.
Satisfaction is based on a “zero solicitation” model and 100% in-house customer service in Toulon, guaranteeing proximity and responsiveness that cannot be found with major historical suppliers.
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Some businesses may obtain a partial or total exemption from the TICFE or the TICGN, depending on their activity and energy intensity. The support of an expert makes it possible to identify the eligibility criteria and to put together the file.
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L'impact dépendra des prix de marché. Le mécanisme prévoit une redistribution si les prix dépassent 78 €/MWh. Cependant, si les cours restent bas (actuellement autour de 60 €/MWh), le dispositif ne s'activera pas. La facture sera alors indexée à 100% sur les prix de marché, rendant le choix du fournisseur et du moment d'achat critiques.
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Among the taxes include TICFE, TICGN, CTA, CJA and TURPE. They represent a significant part of the bill and vary according to consumption profiles. Understanding them well is essential to optimize costs.
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La Multiannual Energy Programming (PPE) is the strategic management tool for France's energy policy. Established by the 2015 law on energy transition for green growth (LTECV), it serves as a compass for the State, communities and businesses.
Concretely, the PPE sets the priorities for action of the public authorities for the management of all forms of energy on the national territory. It covers a period of ten years, divided into two periods of five years, and must be revised periodically to adapt to technological and economic developments.
It deals with major topics such as:
It is crucial not to confuse it with National Low Carbon Strategy (SNBC). While SNBC sets carbon budgets (the ceilings for greenhouse gas emissions by sector), the PPE determines the technical and energy resources to achieve them.

