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What is the Multiannual Energy Programming?
Mis à jour le
March 6, 2026
9
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2023 marked the start of the second period of the 2019-2028 Multiannual Energy Programming. A tool for steering France's energy policy, the PPE sets ambitious goals: carbon neutrality in 2050, the diversification of energy mix, green growth.
Since its publication in 2020, the PPE has served as the basis for the drafting of several laws supporting the ecological transition. A number of measures have also been put in place.
The PPE should be revised in 2024, in the wake of the adoption of the first Energy and Climate Programming Law (LPEC). Scheduled before July 1, 2023, it has been the subject of several delays.
While waiting for the new multi-annual energy program 2024-2033, SirEnergies presents the PPE and the concrete advances it has already made for the energy transition and the development of renewable energies.
Multiannual energy programming: what is it?
Multiannual Energy Programming (PPE) is a tool for the strategic management of France's energy policy. Created in 2015 by the Energy Transition for Green Growth Act (LTECV), the PPE determines the priorities of action in order to achieve the goals of ecological transition and carbon neutrality.
PPE, a regulatory tool
The multiannual energy program is governed by the Energy Code, in his articles L100-1 to L100-4. The text defines PEP as follows: “Multiannual energy programming defines the methods of action of the public authorities for the management of all forms of energy on the continental metropolitan territory, in order to achieve the objectives defined by law”.
In accordance with article L100-1 A of the same Code, these objectives and priorities of action should have been specified in the framework of an energy and climate programming law (LPEC) “before July 1, 2023, then every five years”. Its adoption is expected in 2024. It should change the current PEP.
What are the contents of the PPE?
The multiannual energy programme sets out the comprehensive government roadmap for a green and sustainable France. Each section deals with a specific theme: reduction in energy consumption, development of renewable energies, clean mobility, security of supply, balance of networks and storage, etc.
The PPE also includes a section devoted toevaluation of public resources necessary to achieve the objectives set, as well as a impact study economic and social and a strategic environmental assessment.
What is the frequency of PEP?
The PPE is approved for a period of ten years, divided into two periods of five years. Each revision project is the subject of consultation and public debate.
The 2019-2028 PPE has guided the government's energy strategy since April 21, 2020. It must be compatible with the greenhouse gas reduction objectives defined by the National low-carbon strategy and carbon budgets.
Objectives of multiannual energy programming: key figures
The objectives of the 2019-2028 PPE are included in the text of the multiannual energy programming. They are specified by Decree No. 2020-456 of 21 April 2020. They are part of the Continuity of the Paris Agreement, with the objective of carbon neutrality by 2050.
Thus, by 2028, the PPE aims to :
- A decrease of 16.5% in final energy consumption compared to 2012.
- A 35% decrease in the primary consumption of fossil fuels compared to 2012.
- A share of renewable energies in final energy consumption of 34 to 38% in 2028.
- A 30% reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases compared to 2016.
- An increase of 40 to 60% in renewable heat consumption compared to 2017 (between 218 and 247 TWh in 2028).
- A doubling of renewable electricity production capacity compared to 2017 (101 to 113 GW in 2028).
- Nearly 5.4 million low-emission vehicles, including 3 million electric vehicles.
- The creation of 440,000 jobs.
The 7 components of the multiannual energy programme: concrete progress
A document of 400 pages, the multi-annual energy program is divided into seven parts. Since the adoption of the PPE, numerous measures have been put in place or have been specified by law.
Part 1: energy efficiency and reduction in primary energy consumption
Multiannual energy programming aims to reduce final energy consumption in all areas of the economy. In particular, it focuses onee and the renovation of buildings.
Many measures identified by the PPE have already been implemented:
- The reliability of the energy performance diagnosis (DPE) in 2021, with the inclusion of new elements for a more accurate energy classification (climate zone, altitude, lighting, thermal comfort).
- The fight against thermal strainers, with their gradual ban on renting since 1Er January 2023.
- The creation of the public support service France Rénov' in 2022 to advise households in their energy renovation projects.
- The entry into force of the 2020 Environmental Regulation : since the 1Er July 2022, the RE 2020 guides the construction of positive energy buildings (BEPOS), with total coverage of annual energy consumption by renewable energies.
- The publication in 2019 of Tertiary decree, imposing an energy efficiency objective on tertiary buildings.
To support businesses and individuals in energy renovation, the PPE relies on the system of energy saving certificates (EEC). Manufacturers, communities and individuals can benefit from EEC premiums offered by energy suppliers in addition to public aid.
The PPE finally supports decarbonization actions and the deployment of energy management systems in industry.
Part 2: renewable or recovered energies
The PPE relies on two levers to ensure the transition to carbon-free and renewable energy.
Replacing fossil fuel-based energy production systems
Multiannual energy programming promotes the production of renewable heat (biomass boiler, heat networks, solar thermal, geothermal, geothermal, waste water heat recovery...). Two symbolic measures are part of this orientation: the ban since 1Er January 2022 to equip itself with a new oil boiler and the launch in 2023 of assistance for the installation of heat pumps.
Another key measure of the PPE: the desire to Take France out of coal by 2027, with the closure of coal-fired power plants or their conversion to biomass.
Develop renewable and recovered energies
Multiannual energy programming promotes the development of renewable and recovered energies to replace fossil fuels.
Its main tool? Les annual tenders for onshore wind, photovoltaic and hydroelectricity. The PPE also focuses on solar self-consumption, with the Self-consumption bonus.
The state has Clarified the guidelines of the PPE in 2023 With the law relating to the acceleration of renewable energy production. In line with the PPE, this law provides for by 2050 to multiply solar electricity production by 10, to deploy 50 offshore wind farms and to double onshore wind production.
The PPE does not forget the other renewable energy alternatives. Methanization, renewable and low-carbon gases, hydrogen, geothermal energy or biomass are subject to dedicated national development strategy (national biomass mobilization strategy, hydrogen plan, etc.).
With regard to the role of nuclear power in the diversification of the energy mix, the PPE was contradicted by the law of 22 June 2023 concerning the construction of new nuclear reactors. The objective of reducing the share of nuclear production in the electricity mix to 50% by 2035 was abolished by the Senate to authorize the construction of EPR2 and small modular reactors (SMRs).
Part 3: clean mobility
For several years, France has been committed to the Bet on electric mobility. Objective: the end of the sale of vehicles using fossil fuels in 2040.
Several guidelines for multiannual energy programming have been deployed., via the LOM mobility guidance law of 2019. This includes, for example, the development of low-emission zones or the minimum rate of electric and low-emission vehicles in professional fleets.
The PPE also supports theinstallation of electric charging stations and CNG gas stations.
In addition, the PPE encourages a sustainable mobility more environmentally friendly, through financial aid such as the sustainable mobility package that came into force in 2020, or the carpooling bonus implemented in 2023.
Part 4: balance of electricity and storage networks
Multiannual energy programming raises the The question of maintaining the balance between electricity supply and demand in a context of decarbonization of energy and the intermittent production of renewable electricity.
The 2019-2028 PPE focuses on hydroelectricity storage projects in the form of pumped electricity transfer stations (STEP). She stays cautious about other electricity storage solutions, in view of the state of technology at the time of writing.
The 2023 Renewable Energy Acceleration Act should accelerate projects in this area. It has in fact given legislative value to storage projects by mentioning them in the objectives and priorities of action of France's energy policy (article L100-1 A of the Energy Code).
Part 5: security of supply
The security of energy supply is a strategic challenge for France. In terms of fuels, multi-annual energy programming is mainly aimed at guaranteeing a structuring network of the territory and quality service.
With regard to electricity, the PPE determines the means to be deployed to anticipate and control the risks of network failures, especially during peak consumption. Grids will also have to adapt to new uses of electricity such as electric vehicles, renewable energy production or storage.
To guarantee electricity production equal to supply at all times and to avoid power cuts, the PPE encourages intelligent control and the flexibility of the demand. It invites electricity suppliers to offer erasure offers, with an erasure target of 6.5 GW in 2028.
The PPE also plans to provide feedback on the capacity mechanism. Since 2017, each supplier has been required to have sufficient capacity to cover the electricity needs of its customers, even during peak consumption.
Part 6: consumer purchasing power
The multiannual energy programming includes measures for “encourage households to continue their journey towards the energy transition, limit the impact on household purchasing power and protect the most vulnerable.”
This concern for social justice is reflected in numerous financial aids, implemented progressively since the adoption of the PPE:
- MaPrime Rénov' And the eco-PTZ interest-free loan support energy renovation.
- The ecological bonus helps to finance the purchase of an electric vehicle.
- The sustainable mobility package encourages the use of public transport, cycling and carpooling.
- The Energy check reduces household energy bills.
- Etc.
The PPE also provides for measures for businesses. In particular, they benefit from energy saving certificates, the Chaleur Fund and support for the deployment of an energy management system (Pro-SMEN).
Another challenge: maintaining the competitiveness of energy prices. This is the challenge of the agreement concluded in November 2023 between the State and EDF to continue to provide consumers with the competitive advantage of nuclear power in 2026, after the end of the ARENH device.
Part 7: professional skills in the field of energy
The multi-annual energy programming includes a vocational training component and the development of new skills related to the ecological and energy transition.
Created in 2018, theOrganization France Compétences is given a mission to reflect on the evolution of professions and the needs for related professional skills. They are taken into account in the employment and skills programming plan.
Where can I consult the PPE?
Do you want to know the detailed measures of the multiannual energy programming? The full text and its summary are downloadable in PDF on the website of the Ministry of Ecological Transition and Territorial Cohesion.
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The answers to your questions
How do I read an electricity or gas bill?
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One invoice consists of several elements: consumption, supplier share, taxes and contributions. The analysis of each line makes it possible to identify possible errors and to check the consistency with the signed contract.
What are the main taxes applicable?
Among the taxes include TICFE, TICGN, CTA, CJA and TURPE. They represent a significant part of the bill and vary according to consumption profiles. Understanding them well is essential to optimize costs.
Pourquoi mon contrat est-il en kVA et ma consommation en kWh ?
Le kVA mesure la capacité maximale que votre compteur peut supporter à un instant T, tandis que le kWh mesure la quantité d'énergie consommée sur une durée.
How do you calculate Scope 2 emissions?
To calculate Scope 2 emissions, use the following formula:
Energy quantity (kWh) × Emission factor (kg CO₂ e/kWh).
Use databases like ADEME for precision.
Comment l'eau est-elle transformée en électricité ?
Le processus repose sur l'utilisation de la force de l'eau (énergie cinétique) issue des courants, des chutes d'eau ou des dénivelés. Le fonctionnement suit trois étapes clés :
- Le barrage retient l'eau et l'oriente vers des conduites.
- La pression de l'eau fait tourner une turbine, créant de l'énergie mécanique.
- Une génératrice (alternateur) transforme cette énergie mécanique en électricité, laquelle est ensuite adaptée par un transformateur pour le réseau
How to properly define your subscribed power?
The subscribed power must be calculated according to the consumption profile and uses (heating, industrial processes, tertiary equipment). One fine analysis makes it possible to ensure the adequacy between real need and contract.
Qu'est-ce qui remplace l'ARENH depuis le 1er janvier 2026 ?
Le dispositif ARENH a laissé place au VNU (Versement Nucléaire Universel).
Ce changement structurel expose davantage les entreprises aux prix de gros, rendant la gestion des risques plus complexe qu'auparavant.
Il devient alors indispensable de définir une stratégie d'achat d'électricité avec Sirenergies pour lisser l'impact de la volatilité des marchés sur votre budget.
Why launch an energy tender?
Un appel d’offres permet de mettre en concurrence plusieurs fournisseurs d’électricité et de gaz afin d’obtenir des conditions contractuelles optimisées. C’est une démarche transparente qui permet de choisir l’offre la plus adaptée aux besoins budgétaires et techniques de l’organisation.
Comment mobiliser les collaborateurs autour d'un projet de sobriété énergétique ?
La réussite d'un projet collectif énergie repose sur trois piliers fondamentaux :
- La visibilité : On ne gère bien que ce que l'on mesure. Partager les données de consommation via des outils comme l'application Pilott donne un sens concret aux efforts fournis.
- L'incarnation : Nommer des ambassadeurs énergie internes permet de diffuser les bonnes pratiques par l'exemple et de lever les freins opérationnels propres à chaque métier.
- La gamification : Transformer la contrainte en défi (challenges inter-services, concours de l'équipe la plus sobre) crée une dynamique positive et renforce la cohésion d'équipe autour des enjeux RSE.
Pourquoi ma facture de gaz va-t-elle augmenter en 2026 ?
L'augmentation s'explique par la revalorisation de l'Accise sur le gaz à 16,39 €/MWh et la hausse de 3,41 % du tarif de transport (ATRT 8).
S'y ajoute l'entrée en vigueur des Certificats de Production de Biogaz (CPB), un nouveau coût réglementaire pour soutenir le biométhane.
Face à ces évolutions, Sirenergies vous accompagne dans l'achat de gaz naturel pour sécuriser vos prix malgré la volatilité du marché.
Pourquoi la France a-t-elle exporté un volume record d'électricité en 2025 ?
Ce record de 92,3 TWh s'explique par la conjonction de trois facteurs :
- Le redressement du parc nucléaire : Après les problèmes de corrosion sous contrainte de 2022, la production nucléaire a retrouvé une forte disponibilité (373 TWh).
- L'essor des renouvelables : Une capacité installée en hausse (solaire et éolien) et une production hydraulique solide.
- Une consommation intérieure atone : La demande française reste inférieure de 6 % à la moyenne historique, créant un surplus massif disponible pour nos voisins.
What are the customer reviews on bellenergie Business's customer service?
In 2025, the supplier had a NPS (Net Promoter Score) of +16 and a note of 4,17/5.
Satisfaction is based on a “zero solicitation” model and 100% in-house customer service in Toulon, guaranteeing proximity and responsiveness that cannot be found with major historical suppliers.
What are the PP1 and PP2 alert days?
These are signals sent by RTE during periods of tension on the electrical network. The Sirenergies tool informs you in real time to anticipate your uses.
Pourquoi le kVA est-il crucial pour les entreprises ?
Parce que la puissance souscrite en kVA détermine le prix de l'abonnement et que tout dépassement peut entraîner des surcoûts importants.
Is Bellenergie Business electricity really green?
Yes. The supplier guarantees an offer 100% renewable via the official Guarantees of Origin (GO) mechanism.
For the most demanding companies, the offer GREENVOLT+ ensures very low carbon intensity electricity, sourced exclusively from independent French producers (hydraulic, wind, solar).
How to optimize the taxes and contributions of a community?
Communities are subject to taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies analyzes invoices, identifies exemption possibilities and fixes possible errors to reduce the tax burden.
L'hydroélectricité est-elle une énergie "propre" ?
Oui, elle est considérée comme une énergie renouvelable à faibles émissions de gaz à effet de serre.
De plus, l'eau ne subit aucune transformation chimique durant le cycle de production et réintègre son milieu naturel en aval.
Cependant, la construction de barrages nécessite des mesures pour protéger les écosystèmes (débit minimum, passes à poissons).
What is the point of following Spot & Forward prices?
This makes it possible to choose the right time to contract, secure your budgets and anticipate increases.
Quel est l'impact de ces exportations sur le prix de l'électricité pour les entreprises ?
L'abondance de production française tire les prix du marché de gros vers le bas.
En vertu du mécanisme de l'Ordre de Mérite (Merit Order), les centrales les moins coûteuses (nucléaire, renouvelables) couvrent la demande plus souvent, évinçant les centrales à gaz ou charbon plus onéreuses.
Cela multiplie les épisodes de prix bas, voire négatifs, sur le marché spot.
Quel est l'impact réel de la rénovation de l'éclairage public ?
C'est le levier le plus rapide pour obtenir des résultats visibles. L'éclairage représente environ 40 % de la consommation d'électricité d'une commune.
Passer au LED avec pilotage intelligent permet de réduire la facture de 50 à 80 %, avec un retour sur investissement (ROI) rapide, souvent estimé à 2 ou 3 ans.
Which taxes are particularly relevant for farms?
Farms are subject to taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies verifies their application, identifies cases of exemption and accompanies the procedures to reduce the tax burden.
What is the difference between €/MWh and kWh?
The €/MWh is a price unit used in wholesale markets, while kWh is the unit visible on your bills.
How do I get a tax exemption?
Some businesses may obtain a partial or total exemption from the TICFE or the TICGN, depending on their activity and energy intensity. The support of an expert makes it possible to identify the eligibility criteria and to put together the file.
What are the electricity offers offered by bellenergie Business?
The range E @sy is available in four pricing structures to adapt to each risk profile:
- E @sy Fixed: 100% budget visibility without variation.
- E @sy Click: Smoothed price thanks to staggered purchases on the markets.
- E @sy Block + Spot: A mix between a secure base and a portion indexed to daily prices.
- E @sy Sport: A 100% dynamic offer to take advantage of downside opportunities in real time.
What taxes are particularly relevant to manufacturers?
The industry is concerned by TICFE, TICGN and other contributions that may represent an important part of invoices. Sirenergies identifies cases of exemption and accompanies the procedures to benefit from them.
Qu'est-ce que le cosinus phi
C'est l'indicateur d'efficacité d'un appareil électrique ; il représente le ratio entre la puissance active (utile) et la puissance apparente (totale).
What is the difference between Scope 1 and Scope 2?
- Scope 1 concerns direct emissions (combustion on site),
- Scope 2 deals with indirect emissions related to purchased energy (electricity, steam).
What are the challenges for tertiary companies?
Tertiary companies must manage their energy costs while guaranteeing the comfort of users (offices, shops, services). Consumption is often linked to heating, air conditioning and lighting, which requires precise monitoring to avoid budgetary excesses.
How to optimize taxes and contributions?
Tertiary companies are concerned by taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies checks the accuracy of invoices, identifies possible exemptions, and helps correct errors to sustainably reduce costs.
Quelle est la différence concrète entre le transport et la distribution d'électricité ?
Le transport (RTE) correspond aux "autoroutes" de l’électricité. Il s’agit de transporter de très grandes quantités d'énergie sur de longues distances, depuis les centrales de production (nucléaires, barrages, parcs éoliens offshore) vers les régions de consommation.
La distribution (Enedis) s'apparente aux "routes départementales" et aux rues. Elle récupère l'électricité à la sortie du réseau de transport pour la livrer directement chez le client final, en abaissant la tension pour qu'elle soit utilisable par vos appareils.
Quel est le nouveau record 2025 d'exportation d'électricité de la France ?
En 2025, la France a atteint un solde exportateur net de 92,3 TWh, battant le précédent record de 2024 (89 TWh).
What are the consequences of overpowering?
Exceeding capacity leads to financial penalties and can impact the size of the contract. Adjust the correctly subscribed power makes it possible to avoid these additional costs.
What is energy sourcing?
Sourcing consists in identifying and analysing the offers of several electricity and gas suppliers. This approach makes it possible to obtain contracts adapted to the consumption profile and budgetary constraints of the company.
Quelles sont les nouvelles obligations pour le Décret Tertiaire et l'Audit Énergétique ?
Le calendrier 2026 impose deux échéances majeures :
- la déclaration des consommations 2025 sur la plateforme OPERAT avant le 30 septembre
- la réalisation d'un audit énergétique avant le 11 octobre pour toutes les entreprises consommant plus de 2,75 GWh/an.
Pour simplifier ces démarches, vous pouvez centraliser vos données de consommation avec la plateforme Pilott de Sirenergies, garantissant ainsi la conformité de vos rapports réglementaires.
Why is Scope 2 crucial for CSR?
It allows you to prove your commitment to the energy transition and to meet regulatory requirements.
The answers to your questions
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