
March 6, 2026
6
Min reading

First of all, it should be remembered that electricity is an energy that cannot be stored on a large scale. It is for this reason that every quantity of electricity produced and injected into the grid at any time must be consumed. The electrical network manager Make sure to maintain this balance, in real time. It is one of the main missions of RTE (Electricity Transmission Network) in France.
The indicator that measures this balance is called frequency. It allows us to tell us if we have a balance between electricity supply and demand.
The balance point is 50 hertz in France. If the demand exceeds the supply, the frequency decreases. On the other hand, if supply exceeds demand, the frequency increases.
Consequently, this frequency must be maintained at 50 hertz in order to ensure the balance of the French network. It seems simple said that way. However, the mechanisms used to manage this balance are complex. In this respect, the balance manager is an essential player in the electrical system, guaranteeing its stability.
We will therefore try to explain to you in a simple way the economic and technical mechanisms that ensure the balance of our network.
It is good to remember some basic principles in electricity. There are two types of current: alternating current and direct current.
Unlike direct current, alternating current has a voltage that varies between positive and negative values. That is to say, the electrons move back and forth in the circuit, at a certain rate. It is precisely this rhythm that is measured by The frequency. Unlike direct current, in which electrons always and only move in the same direction in the circuit.
The diagram below shows that in France, the frequency is 50 hertz and the current is alternating (this is not necessarily the case everywhere in the world). The duration of a period is therefore equal to T = 1/f = 1 s/50 = 20 ms.
Overall, RTE has several means to restore the frequency in the event of a fall. The manager activates them one after the other, depending on the severity of the incident. These processes are automatic for some and manual for others. They guarantee the stability of our network.
The network operator can also use so-called “voltage” system services. In the same way as for frequency, mechanisms put in place regulate voltage variations.
All these resources are available to the manager to manage the French electrical system.
So you have now understood how RTE technically manages the balancing of our network. From an economic point of view, it is the actors responsible for the imbalance of the network who pay for its rebalancing. In other words, the general balance of the network depends on the individual situation of each of the actors that make up the network.
Each player is responsible for its customer base. In this way, providers such asEDF, ENGIE or TotalEnergies are responsible for discrepancies for their customers.
To illustrate our point, now imagine that electricity in MWh is water in m3/h. To ensure the famous 50 Hz, the water level in my bathtub must remain constant. Each supplier is responsible for adding or removing the quantity of water equivalent to the consumption of its customers in 30-minute steps. The transport manager RTE must guarantee a constant level in the bathtub.

Source: RTE
As such, the balance manager is therefore an essential player in the proper functioning of the electrical system. In a way, it makes it possible to translate a technical aspect of electricity networks in an economical manner.
As you will have understood, the role of the balance manager is to forecast the consumption of his customers. He must perform this task with maximum precision, in order to provide the electrical system manager (RTE) with his consumption forecasts.
However, the energy transition and the evolution of lifestyles make it difficult to predict consumption. New uses of electricity are changing the forecasting models that currently exist.
Indeed, it becomes more difficult to predict a customer's consumption if they have an electric vehicle and solar panels.
Renewable energies are also involved in the modification of these forecasting techniques. These production methods are intermittent, that is, they do not produce electricity all the time. They produce according to the wind and the sun. Their multiplications introduce an additional difficulty for forecasters.
Balance managers must therefore adapt to this change in standards.
Self-consumption or the use of electric vehicles will increase in the coming years. This movement is supported by the massive installation of smart meters. This new generation of meters makes it possible to monitor consumption more finely. Linky facilitates the implementation of new electricity supply offers.
Energy efficiency projects are growing in France. Stimulated by advantageous regulatory systems and the energy transition, these consumption reduction operations contribute to the modification of customer consumption.
Once again, balance managers are encouraged to forecast consumption in their areas as accurately as possible, otherwise they will be charged for differences in consumption.
Recently, ENEDIS, the network manager, changed the forecasting method for some sites. We went from static profiling to dynamic profiling. This leads to additional complexity to manage.
The role of the balance manager is also to keep abreast of these regulatory changes and to apply them.
The worst-case scenario is obviously the” Blackout ”. That is to say a generalized power outage on the network.
In order to restore the situation, RTE recently activated a reserve mechanism. RTE thus cut off the electricity to nearly 16 major industrial companies in France, which made it possible to reduce consumption by 1,300 MW instantly. It is a classic mechanism.
You may remember, in France, in 2018, our alarm clocks, microwave oven clocks and other devices were nearly 6 minutes late in a few months!
What is the relationship between electricity and your clocks?
Kosovo decided in 2018 to reduce its electricity production following geopolitical disputes with Serbia. This drop in production caused an imbalance. The latter contributed to a slight disturbance in the European network. It is for this reason that some of you were able to observe the delays that took place during this period on the electric clocks connected to the mains.
This example shows the interdependence between European countries in terms of the balance of the electrical network. More information on this article.
Another emblematic example of these large-scale cuts took place in 2006 in Germany. The local network operator decided to cut some lines in advance. Of the passage of a ship on the Ems River, in Germany.
Delays in communication between all actors in the network and procedural errors led to the triggering of an emergency process. That is, the part that is considered damaged on the network is isolated from the rest. Millions of customers in Europe had to be cut off as a result of this incident.
The European network is now interconnected, so an imbalance can have consequences at the other end of Europe!
To go further, do not hesitate to read our article” Can electricity be stored? ”

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Yes. The supplier guarantees an offer 100% renewable via the official Guarantees of Origin (GO) mechanism.
For the most demanding companies, the offer GREENVOLT+ ensures very low carbon intensity electricity, sourced exclusively from independent French producers (hydraulic, wind, solar).
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Car les marchés dépendent de facteurs exogènes imprévisibles (géopolitique, météo soudaine, politique) que les modèles basés sur l'historique ne peuvent pas anticiper, tout comme on ne prédit pas le Loto.
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C'est le levier le plus rapide pour obtenir des résultats visibles. L'éclairage représente environ 40 % de la consommation d'électricité d'une commune.
Passer au LED avec pilotage intelligent permet de réduire la facture de 50 à 80 %, avec un retour sur investissement (ROI) rapide, souvent estimé à 2 ou 3 ans.
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Instauré en 2017, ce dispositif répond à un enjeu de sécurité nationale.
L'électricité ne se stockant pas à grande échelle, le réseau doit être capable de répondre instantanément à la demande, même lors des pics de froid hivernaux. Le mécanisme incite financièrement les producteurs à maintenir leurs centrales disponibles et les entreprises à réduire leur consommation (effacement) lors de ces périodes critiques.
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Le prix Forward est fixé à l'avance (sécurité budgétaire), tandis que le prix Spot varie heure par heure selon le marché (opportunité mais risque élevé).
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Sourcing consists in identifying and analysing the offers of several electricity and gas suppliers. This approach makes it possible to obtain contracts adapted to the consumption profile and budgetary constraints of the company.
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L'impact dépendra des prix de marché. Le mécanisme prévoit une redistribution si les prix dépassent 78 €/MWh. Cependant, si les cours restent bas (actuellement autour de 60 €/MWh), le dispositif ne s'activera pas. La facture sera alors indexée à 100% sur les prix de marché, rendant le choix du fournisseur et du moment d'achat critiques.
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Le transport (RTE) correspond aux "autoroutes" de l’électricité. Il s’agit de transporter de très grandes quantités d'énergie sur de longues distances, depuis les centrales de production (nucléaires, barrages, parcs éoliens offshore) vers les régions de consommation.
La distribution (Enedis) s'apparente aux "routes départementales" et aux rues. Elle récupère l'électricité à la sortie du réseau de transport pour la livrer directement chez le client final, en abaissant la tension pour qu'elle soit utilisable par vos appareils.
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These are signals sent by RTE during periods of tension on the electrical network. The Sirenergies tool informs you in real time to anticipate your uses.
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Ce record de 92,3 TWh s'explique par la conjonction de trois facteurs :
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One invoice consists of several elements: consumption, supplier share, taxes and contributions. The analysis of each line makes it possible to identify possible errors and to check the consistency with the signed contract.
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La Vente de Nucléaire Universelle (VNU) est le nouveau mécanisme de régulation des prix de l'électricité en France. Contrairement à l'ARENH, il ne s'agit plus d'un volume fixe à prix réduit, mais d'une redistribution financière des revenus excédentaires d'EDF aux consommateurs, basée sur les prix de marché et les coûts de production du nucléaire historique.
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Le processus repose sur l'utilisation de la force de l'eau (énergie cinétique) issue des courants, des chutes d'eau ou des dénivelés. Le fonctionnement suit trois étapes clés :
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This makes it possible to choose the right time to contract, secure your budgets and anticipate increases.
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Farms are subject to taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies verifies their application, identifies cases of exemption and accompanies the procedures to reduce the tax burden.
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C'est l'indicateur d'efficacité d'un appareil électrique ; il représente le ratio entre la puissance active (utile) et la puissance apparente (totale).
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Le kVA mesure la capacité maximale que votre compteur peut supporter à un instant T, tandis que le kWh mesure la quantité d'énergie consommée sur une durée.
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Tertiary companies must manage their energy costs while guaranteeing the comfort of users (offices, shops, services). Consumption is often linked to heating, air conditioning and lighting, which requires precise monitoring to avoid budgetary excesses.
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L'abondance de production française tire les prix du marché de gros vers le bas.
En vertu du mécanisme de l'Ordre de Mérite (Merit Order), les centrales les moins coûteuses (nucléaire, renouvelables) couvrent la demande plus souvent, évinçant les centrales à gaz ou charbon plus onéreuses.
Cela multiplie les épisodes de prix bas, voire négatifs, sur le marché spot.
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En 2025, la France a atteint un solde exportateur net de 92,3 TWh, battant le précédent record de 2024 (89 TWh).
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Parce que la puissance souscrite en kVA détermine le prix de l'abonnement et que tout dépassement peut entraîner des surcoûts importants.
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Un appel d’offres permet de mettre en concurrence plusieurs fournisseurs d’électricité et de gaz afin d’obtenir des conditions contractuelles optimisées. C’est une démarche transparente qui permet de choisir l’offre la plus adaptée aux besoins budgétaires et techniques de l’organisation.
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The central objective of PPE 3 is to engage France towards carbon neutrality by 2050 by breaking the country's historical dependence on fossil fuels.
Today, approximately 60% of final energy consumption in France still relies on imported oil and natural gas. PPE 3 aims to radically reverse this trend by setting an ambitious target: to reach 60% of carbon-free energies in final consumption by 2030.
To achieve this, PPE 3 pursues three major sub-objectives:
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Oui, elle est considérée comme une énergie renouvelable à faibles émissions de gaz à effet de serre.
De plus, l'eau ne subit aucune transformation chimique durant le cycle de production et réintègre son milieu naturel en aval.
Cependant, la construction de barrages nécessite des mesures pour protéger les écosystèmes (débit minimum, passes à poissons).
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La fin de l'ARENH (Accès Régulé à l'Électricité Nucléaire Historique) marque l'arrêt de la fourniture d'électricité à prix fixe garanti (42 €/MWh).
Dès le 1er janvier 2026, les entreprises sont exposées aux prix de marché, mais deux nouveaux mécanismes de régulation prennent le relais, bien que leur logique soit différente :
Conseil stratégique : Ne comptez pas sur le VNU pour réduire votre facture en 2026 si les marchés restent stables. Auditez vos contrats dès maintenant pour intégrer une part de prix fixe ou explorer des "Power Purchase Agreements" (PPA) pour sécuriser vos coûts sur le long terme.
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Absolument. La réforme des heures creuses vise à absorber la surproduction solaire en milieu de journée. Les créneaux d'heures creuses se déplacent progressivement vers la plage 11h00 – 17h00, notamment en été. C'est une opportunité majeure pour les sites industriels ou tertiaires capables de flexibilité.
Conseil stratégique :
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Exceeding capacity leads to financial penalties and can impact the size of the contract. Adjust the correctly subscribed power makes it possible to avoid these additional costs.
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Non. L'IA traite la donnée (data processing), mais l'analyste apporte la compréhension du contexte (market sentiment) et la prise de décision stratégique.
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The subscribed power must be calculated according to the consumption profile and uses (heating, industrial processes, tertiary equipment). One fine analysis makes it possible to ensure the adequacy between real need and contract.
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Some businesses may obtain a partial or total exemption from the TICFE or the TICGN, depending on their activity and energy intensity. The support of an expert makes it possible to identify the eligibility criteria and to put together the file.
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The range E @sy is available in four pricing structures to adapt to each risk profile:
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La Multiannual Energy Programming (PPE) is the strategic management tool for France's energy policy. Established by the 2015 law on energy transition for green growth (LTECV), it serves as a compass for the State, communities and businesses.
Concretely, the PPE sets the priorities for action of the public authorities for the management of all forms of energy on the national territory. It covers a period of ten years, divided into two periods of five years, and must be revised periodically to adapt to technological and economic developments.
It deals with major topics such as:
It is crucial not to confuse it with National Low Carbon Strategy (SNBC). While SNBC sets carbon budgets (the ceilings for greenhouse gas emissions by sector), the PPE determines the technical and energy resources to achieve them.
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Tertiary companies are concerned by taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies checks the accuracy of invoices, identifies possible exemptions, and helps correct errors to sustainably reduce costs.
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The €/MWh is a price unit used in wholesale markets, while kWh is the unit visible on your bills.
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Communities are subject to taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies analyzes invoices, identifies exemption possibilities and fixes possible errors to reduce the tax burden.
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Ce seuil est jugé élevé par rapport aux prévisions actuelles du marché. Si le prix de l'électricité reste en dessous de 78 €/MWh, les entreprises ne bénéficieront d'aucune redistribution. Cela signifie que la protection promise par la réforme pourrait être inexistante dans un marché baissier, d'où l'importance de stratégies de sourcing agiles et d'outils de monitoring comme Pilott.
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Chaque modèle d'IA répond à un besoin spécifique du cycle d'achat :
L'expertise humaine reste néanmoins indispensable.
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The industry is concerned by TICFE, TICGN and other contributions that may represent an important part of invoices. Sirenergies identifies cases of exemption and accompanies the procedures to benefit from them.
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Le dispositif ARENH a laissé place au VNU (Versement Nucléaire Universel).
Ce changement structurel expose davantage les entreprises aux prix de gros, rendant la gestion des risques plus complexe qu'auparavant.
Il devient alors indispensable de définir une stratégie d'achat d'électricité avec Sirenergies pour lisser l'impact de la volatilité des marchés sur votre budget.
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In 2025, the supplier had a NPS (Net Promoter Score) of +16 and a note of 4,17/5.
Satisfaction is based on a “zero solicitation” model and 100% in-house customer service in Toulon, guaranteeing proximity and responsiveness that cannot be found with major historical suppliers.
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Among the taxes include TICFE, TICGN, CTA, CJA and TURPE. They represent a significant part of the bill and vary according to consumption profiles. Understanding them well is essential to optimize costs.

