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Everything you need to know about Linky and Gazpar meters
Mis à jour le
March 6, 2026
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Recently, numerous media have relayed information concerning the deployment of meters Linky. Indeed, recent controversies have shaken up the network manager, Enedis.
Some consumer associations, or public authorities such as mayors, oppose the installation of the famous meter. For example, the mayor of Barsac (in Gironde) is facing trial in Enedis concerning the installation of the Linky. Dominique Cavaillols has passed a deliberation that requires the consent of the inhabitant for the installation of the Linky.
Why is this new generation of counters causing so much distrust? This is the question we are going to try to answer in this article.
So we're going to explore the Operation of smart meters in general. Then we will try to understand The interest of this new technology in the energy transition. Finally, this article will be an opportunity to understand whether hazards of these counters are real and the criticisms justified.
Several criticisms are addressed to these counters, we will try to answer the majority of them.
First of all, it should be remembered that for large consumers, advanced meters are not new.
Indeed, on higher voltage networks, communicating meters are the norm. It is only recently, following the Linky project, that this technology has been democratized to all French people.
For the network operator, it is a question of modernising its meter fleet by sharing the technologies used. It is also the assurance of improving energy metering.
It is important to remember that this technology beyond Linky for electricity also includes gas (under the name of Gazpar).
Principle of operation of advanced meters
Operation and uses
As we discussed in the introduction, this technology is not new. We often use the term smart meters, it comes from an anglicism: the” Smart Metering ”. This refers to counters that are capable of recording and transmitting information.
Regardless of the energy in question, there are several ways to count energy today. Some meters communicate their information automatically and others are read periodically.
A communicating meter makes it possible to:
- count energy more accurately;
- to transmit information remotely and therefore to limit physical interventions;
- receive data, and therefore instructions: commissioning, threshold changes...
The technology used is, as shown in the diagram, the line carrier current (PLC). It is simply a matter of passing information through the electrical network in the form of current. It is a signal with higher frequency and lower energies.
An advance in terms of use
Old-generation counters do not allow you to retrieve as much information as Linky or PME-PMI counters.
The ability to store data and then retrieve it automatically is a real improvement. Current meters only allow you to record consumption between two dates. The customer cannot therefore use his consumption data in order to modulate his behavior.
In this sense, the advanced counter is a real technological innovation. The customer can thus take ownership of their consumption data and thus contribute to reducing their consumption.
The advanced meter thus facilitates the installation of thermostat-type installations or the installation of photovoltaic panels. In this sense, a detailed knowledge of its consumption is very useful. This is allowed thanks to the computer installed in this meter.
Role and challenges of advanced meters in the energy transition
The implementation of new supply offers
As you can see, these advanced metering systems allow us to change the way we count energy and therefore manage the network.
With the consumer having access to more information, it is possible to send relevant economic signals.
It is therefore possible to offer new supply offers that push the customer to reduce consumption during peak periods. It is the responsibility of suppliers to be innovative and to use this opportunity to stand out.
As such, the establishment of new supplier calendars is essential. Indeed, it is by this means that suppliers can offer offers with different prices depending on the time of day.
An evolution that facilitates network management
For the system operator, there are multiple benefits, some of which impact the consumer and the community.
By installing these meters, it is possible to significantly reduce the number of physical interventions. The manager makes them remotely. This reduces costs and can have a positive impact on the game. TURP of our electricity bills.
For the customer, it is no longer necessary to be at home during the intervention, which is carried out remotely.
Fraud detection is also more reliable with these types of models. The advanced meter improves the management activity of distribution networks.
It also becomes easier to integrate renewable energies if the manager has a better vision of consumption in real time. The advanced meter makes it possible to monitor decentralized electricity production more precisely. Wind turbines and photovoltaic power plants will need an efficient network in order to develop. This therefore contributes to the achievement of the objectives of energy transition and demand management.
The development of self-consumption and erasure depends heavily on the massive installation of advanced counters. These methods work to achieve the objectives of energy sobriety.
Are advanced counters dangerous?
Thursday 1Er July 2021, thirteen consumer associations launched a collective action against Enedis.
These associations believe that they have the right to choose whether or not to install a Linky in their homes. The energy code states that electric meters belong to the network manager. It is therefore a dialogue of the deaf that often begins and ends in justice.
More than 2,000 people are affected by this collective complaint. As we can see, beyond a distrust of harmful effects on health, it is Enedis's methods that are being singled out.
What are the health dangers of the evolved/Linky meter?
As mentioned, this meter uses PLC technology. It is therefore the transmission of information via electromagnetic waves directly into the current network. It is the presence of these waves, despite their high frequencies, that raises questions.
ANFR has therefore decided by delivering its analysis. It is the National Frequency Agency that regulates the waves and their frequencies. It turns out that these meters (Linky) emit less waves than the majority of our household appliances. Exposure to devices such as our smartphones is much more harmful than the presence of a Linky.
Enedis recalls that at a distance of 50 cm from the Linky meter, the electromagnetic field is so weak that it cannot even be measured. It is therefore appropriate to put into perspective the alleged health dangers to the exposure of a Linky meter.
Is the risk of fire higher with a Linky?
During the first poses carried out by Enedis, there were very minute cases of fire that appeared. Despite their very low number, these events continue to fuel the critics of the Linky meter.
After investigation, the problem seemed to come from the tightening of the cables outside the meter. Since then, measures have been in place to avoid this type of disaster. It should be noted, however, that during the test phase, only 8 fires were identified out of more than 300,000 meters.
Enedis closely followed by consumer associations
Numerous cases fuel distrust in energy companies. In fact, the ombudsperson and the Energy Regulatory Commission regularly register complaints from customers complaining about deceptive sales methods. Enedis is not spared by these practices.
Even recently in Poitiers, customers were victims of scams by fake Enedis agents.
What is also pointed out by the associations is the absence of choice in the installation of the famous counter. Enedis then invokes its public service mission, which clearly states that the meters belong to Enedis and not to the customer.
In summary, we can say that advanced meters do not represent any danger except for rare cases of intolerance to electromagnetic waves.
They already exist for a whole range of customers and their democratization is in part beneficial to the energy transition.
The installation of Linky and Gazpar meters is almost complete. In the short and medium term, we will be able to see their effects on French energy networks and households.
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The answers to your questions
Pourquoi mon contrat est-il en kVA et ma consommation en kWh ?
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Le kVA mesure la capacité maximale que votre compteur peut supporter à un instant T, tandis que le kWh mesure la quantité d'énergie consommée sur une durée.
What are the PP1 and PP2 alert days?
These are signals sent by RTE during periods of tension on the electrical network. The Sirenergies tool informs you in real time to anticipate your uses.
How to optimize taxes and contributions?
Tertiary companies are concerned by taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies checks the accuracy of invoices, identifies possible exemptions, and helps correct errors to sustainably reduce costs.
Who can benefit from optimizing invoices and taxes?
All businesses, from SMEs to large organizations, can benefit from this service. Les local authorities also find it a lever to better control their budgets.
Pourquoi le kVA est-il crucial pour les entreprises ?
Parce que la puissance souscrite en kVA détermine le prix de l'abonnement et que tout dépassement peut entraîner des surcoûts importants.
What taxes are particularly relevant to manufacturers?
The industry is concerned by TICFE, TICGN and other contributions that may represent an important part of invoices. Sirenergies identifies cases of exemption and accompanies the procedures to benefit from them.
What are the concrete benefits for tertiary companies?
Les profits include a direct reduction in bills, strengthened budgetary forecasting and better control of consumption. Businesses gain visibility and efficiency thanks to adapted tools.
What are the energy challenges of the agricultural sector?
Farms must deal with high seasonal needs (greenhouse heating, irrigation, storage) and high volatility of prizes. Controlling these costs is essential to maintain profitability and secure the business.
Pourquoi la France a-t-elle exporté un volume record d'électricité en 2025 ?
Ce record de 92,3 TWh s'explique par la conjonction de trois facteurs :
- Le redressement du parc nucléaire : Après les problèmes de corrosion sous contrainte de 2022, la production nucléaire a retrouvé une forte disponibilité (373 TWh).
- L'essor des renouvelables : Une capacité installée en hausse (solaire et éolien) et une production hydraulique solide.
- Une consommation intérieure atone : La demande française reste inférieure de 6 % à la moyenne historique, créant un surplus massif disponible pour nos voisins.
Qu'est-ce qui remplace l'ARENH depuis le 1er janvier 2026 ?
Le dispositif ARENH a laissé place au VNU (Versement Nucléaire Universel).
Ce changement structurel expose davantage les entreprises aux prix de gros, rendant la gestion des risques plus complexe qu'auparavant.
Il devient alors indispensable de définir une stratégie d'achat d'électricité avec Sirenergies pour lisser l'impact de la volatilité des marchés sur votre budget.
Pourquoi l'humain est-il le premier levier de la performance énergétique ?
Même le bâtiment le plus moderne et le mieux isolé perd son efficacité si ses usages sont inadaptés. La technologie et les normes ne suffisent pas : la transition énergétique est avant tout une transformation humaine.
Derrière chaque kilowattheure consommé se cache une habitude.
Un collaborateur sensibilisé comprend qu'ouvrir une fenêtre alors que le chauffage est allumé ou laisser un ordinateur en veille consomme de l'énergie inutilement. En replaçant l'humain au centre de la stratégie de gestion de l'énergie, l'entreprise s'assure que ses équipements performants sont utilisés de manière optimale, garantissant ainsi une rentabilité durable et un impact environnemental réduit.
Pourquoi ma facture de gaz va-t-elle augmenter en 2026 ?
L'augmentation s'explique par la revalorisation de l'Accise sur le gaz à 16,39 €/MWh et la hausse de 3,41 % du tarif de transport (ATRT 8).
S'y ajoute l'entrée en vigueur des Certificats de Production de Biogaz (CPB), un nouveau coût réglementaire pour soutenir le biométhane.
Face à ces évolutions, Sirenergies vous accompagne dans l'achat de gaz naturel pour sécuriser vos prix malgré la volatilité du marché.
Comment réduire la puissance souscrite de son compteur ?
En analysant votre courbe de charge pour identifier la puissance réelle appelée, puis en demandant un ajustement à votre fournisseur ou via un expert en énergie.
Comment mobiliser les collaborateurs autour d'un projet de sobriété énergétique ?
La réussite d'un projet collectif énergie repose sur trois piliers fondamentaux :
- La visibilité : On ne gère bien que ce que l'on mesure. Partager les données de consommation via des outils comme l'application Pilott donne un sens concret aux efforts fournis.
- L'incarnation : Nommer des ambassadeurs énergie internes permet de diffuser les bonnes pratiques par l'exemple et de lever les freins opérationnels propres à chaque métier.
- La gamification : Transformer la contrainte en défi (challenges inter-services, concours de l'équipe la plus sobre) crée une dynamique positive et renforce la cohésion d'équipe autour des enjeux RSE.
What are the electricity offers offered by bellenergie Business?
The range E @sy is available in four pricing structures to adapt to each risk profile:
- E @sy Fixed: 100% budget visibility without variation.
- E @sy Click: Smoothed price thanks to staggered purchases on the markets.
- E @sy Block + Spot: A mix between a secure base and a portion indexed to daily prices.
- E @sy Sport: A 100% dynamic offer to take advantage of downside opportunities in real time.
Comment financer les travaux communaux sans augmenter la taxe foncière ?
Plusieurs leviers existent pour préserver la fiscalité locale :
- Les CEE (Certificats d’Économie d’Énergie) : Un financement privé majeur pour l'efficacité énergétique.
- L'optimisation de l'achat d'énergie : Choisir des contrats adaptés (prix fixes, indexés ou groupés) pour dégager des marges de manœuvre dès la première année.
- Les aides publiques : Mobiliser le Fonds Vert, le FEDER ou le Fonds Chaleur.
Comment l'eau est-elle transformée en électricité ?
Le processus repose sur l'utilisation de la force de l'eau (énergie cinétique) issue des courants, des chutes d'eau ou des dénivelés. Le fonctionnement suit trois étapes clés :
- Le barrage retient l'eau et l'oriente vers des conduites.
- La pression de l'eau fait tourner une turbine, créant de l'énergie mécanique.
- Une génératrice (alternateur) transforme cette énergie mécanique en électricité, laquelle est ensuite adaptée par un transformateur pour le réseau
What are the advantages of sourcing?
Sourcing offers better visibility on the market and promotes the selection of competitive contracts. It helps to reduce the risks associated with price volatility and to optimize the energy budget.
Why launch an energy tender?
Un appel d’offres permet de mettre en concurrence plusieurs fournisseurs d’électricité et de gaz afin d’obtenir des conditions contractuelles optimisées. C’est une démarche transparente qui permet de choisir l’offre la plus adaptée aux besoins budgétaires et techniques de l’organisation.
L'hydroélectricité est-elle une énergie "propre" ?
Oui, elle est considérée comme une énergie renouvelable à faibles émissions de gaz à effet de serre.
De plus, l'eau ne subit aucune transformation chimique durant le cycle de production et réintègre son milieu naturel en aval.
Cependant, la construction de barrages nécessite des mesures pour protéger les écosystèmes (débit minimum, passes à poissons).
Comment réduire ma facture si les prix du marché sont volatils ?
En 2026, les principaux leviers sont : la renégociation de votre contrat de fourniture au bon moment, l'optimisation de votre tarif d'acheminement (TURPE), la vérification de votre éligibilité aux taux réduits de taxes (Accise), et la réduction de votre consommation (efficacité énergétique, autoconsommation).
How to properly define your subscribed power?
The subscribed power must be calculated according to the consumption profile and uses (heating, industrial processes, tertiary equipment). One fine analysis makes it possible to ensure the adequacy between real need and contract.
What are the energy challenges for manufacturers?
Industrial companies consume large volumes of energy for their production processes. They have to deal with the volatility of prizes, multi-site management and specific taxes. Controlling costs is essential to remain competitive.
What is the difference between €/MWh and kWh?
The €/MWh is a price unit used in wholesale markets, while kWh is the unit visible on your bills.
Is Bellenergie Business electricity really green?
Yes. The supplier guarantees an offer 100% renewable via the official Guarantees of Origin (GO) mechanism.
For the most demanding companies, the offer GREENVOLT+ ensures very low carbon intensity electricity, sourced exclusively from independent French producers (hydraulic, wind, solar).
Qu'est-ce que le cosinus phi
C'est l'indicateur d'efficacité d'un appareil électrique ; il représente le ratio entre la puissance active (utile) et la puissance apparente (totale).
Which taxes are particularly relevant for farms?
Farms are subject to taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies verifies their application, identifies cases of exemption and accompanies the procedures to reduce the tax burden.
Quand faut-il renégocier son contrat d'électricité professionnel pour 2026 ?
Idéalement entre 6 et 12 mois avant l'échéance, de préférence au printemps ou au début de l'été lorsque la demande est plus faible.
Why change energy suppliers?
Changing suppliers can allow you to benefit from more competitive prices, adapted services or better contractual conditions. Thanks to sourcing, change is happening without interruption of supply.
Le prix de l'électricité va-t-il baisser en 2026 ?
Pas nécessairement sur votre facture finale. Si les prix de gros (le prix de l'énergie brute) ont baissé, les coûts d'acheminement (TURPE) et certaines taxes augmentent, compensant souvent la baisse de la part énergie.
Quel est l'impact réel de la rénovation de l'éclairage public ?
C'est le levier le plus rapide pour obtenir des résultats visibles. L'éclairage représente environ 40 % de la consommation d'électricité d'une commune.
Passer au LED avec pilotage intelligent permet de réduire la facture de 50 à 80 %, avec un retour sur investissement (ROI) rapide, souvent estimé à 2 ou 3 ans.
How to optimize the taxes and contributions of a community?
Communities are subject to taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies analyzes invoices, identifies exemption possibilities and fixes possible errors to reduce the tax burden.
What are the customer reviews on bellenergie Business's customer service?
In 2025, the supplier had a NPS (Net Promoter Score) of +16 and a note of 4,17/5.
Satisfaction is based on a “zero solicitation” model and 100% in-house customer service in Toulon, guaranteeing proximity and responsiveness that cannot be found with major historical suppliers.
How do I read an electricity or gas bill?
One invoice consists of several elements: consumption, supplier share, taxes and contributions. The analysis of each line makes it possible to identify possible errors and to check the consistency with the signed contract.
What are the challenges for tertiary companies?
Tertiary companies must manage their energy costs while guaranteeing the comfort of users (offices, shops, services). Consumption is often linked to heating, air conditioning and lighting, which requires precise monitoring to avoid budgetary excesses.
What are the main taxes applicable?
Among the taxes include TICFE, TICGN, CTA, CJA and TURPE. They represent a significant part of the bill and vary according to consumption profiles. Understanding them well is essential to optimize costs.
What are the consequences of overpowering?
Exceeding capacity leads to financial penalties and can impact the size of the contract. Adjust the correctly subscribed power makes it possible to avoid these additional costs.
What is energy sourcing?
Sourcing consists in identifying and analysing the offers of several electricity and gas suppliers. This approach makes it possible to obtain contracts adapted to the consumption profile and budgetary constraints of the company.
Quel est l'impact de ces exportations sur le prix de l'électricité pour les entreprises ?
L'abondance de production française tire les prix du marché de gros vers le bas.
En vertu du mécanisme de l'Ordre de Mérite (Merit Order), les centrales les moins coûteuses (nucléaire, renouvelables) couvrent la demande plus souvent, évinçant les centrales à gaz ou charbon plus onéreuses.
Cela multiplie les épisodes de prix bas, voire négatifs, sur le marché spot.
Quelles sont les nouvelles obligations pour le Décret Tertiaire et l'Audit Énergétique ?
Le calendrier 2026 impose deux échéances majeures :
- la déclaration des consommations 2025 sur la plateforme OPERAT avant le 30 septembre
- la réalisation d'un audit énergétique avant le 11 octobre pour toutes les entreprises consommant plus de 2,75 GWh/an.
Pour simplifier ces démarches, vous pouvez centraliser vos données de consommation avec la plateforme Pilott de Sirenergies, garantissant ainsi la conformité de vos rapports réglementaires.
Quelle est la différence concrète entre le transport et la distribution d'électricité ?
Le transport (RTE) correspond aux "autoroutes" de l’électricité. Il s’agit de transporter de très grandes quantités d'énergie sur de longues distances, depuis les centrales de production (nucléaires, barrages, parcs éoliens offshore) vers les régions de consommation.
La distribution (Enedis) s'apparente aux "routes départementales" et aux rues. Elle récupère l'électricité à la sortie du réseau de transport pour la livrer directement chez le client final, en abaissant la tension pour qu'elle soit utilisable par vos appareils.
How do I get a tax exemption?
Some businesses may obtain a partial or total exemption from the TICFE or the TICGN, depending on their activity and energy intensity. The support of an expert makes it possible to identify the eligibility criteria and to put together the file.
Quel est le nouveau record 2025 d'exportation d'électricité de la France ?
En 2025, la France a atteint un solde exportateur net de 92,3 TWh, battant le précédent record de 2024 (89 TWh).
Qu'est-ce qui remplace l'ARENH en 2026 pour les entreprises ?
L'ARENH est remplacé par le VNU (Versement Nucléaire Universel), un mécanisme de redistribution des revenus excédentaires d'EDF en cas de prix très élevés, et par les CAPN, des contrats long terme pour les gros industriels.
What is the point of following Spot & Forward prices?
This makes it possible to choose the right time to contract, secure your budgets and anticipate increases.
The answers to your questions
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