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What is PEG Gas?
Mis à jour le
March 6, 2026
7
Min reading
As of January 22, 2024, the PEG gas price was €25.773/MWh for the monthly PEG contract for March 2024. It was €26.873/MWh for the second quarter of 2024 and €30.794/MWh for the year 2025.
But what do these obscure numbers correspond to? At the price of natural gas on the wholesale market where purchases are negotiated. Gas prices change there every day.
What is PEG Gas? How does the gas market work? How to follow price trends? Here are the keys to understanding PEG Gas and its influence on the kWh rate of your gas supply contract.
What is the PEG Gas Index?
The acronym PEG stands for Gas Exchange Point. Contrary to what one might imagine, this point does not refer to a physical exchange point of natural gas But one virtual exchange point where financial transactions take place.
PEG Gas: definition
PEG Gas is the virtual marketplace where gas players meet to exchange and negotiate natural gas volumes. In concrete terms, each natural gas supplier buys from transmission system operators the quantities of gas necessary to meet the consumption needs of its customers there. It is a wholesale energy market.
PEG Gas makes it possible tobalancing gas supplies based on demand. Thanks to the purchase expectations of gas suppliers and daily reports, network operators regulate import levels. This operation guarantees the security of gas supply.
PEG Gas: how it works
Financial transactions on the PEG determine the prices of natural gas in France. Several types of products are traded on this organized marketplace, within the framework of over-the-counter intermediated contracts:
- Short-term products or Spot, purchased for same day delivery (Within Day or intraday), the next day (Day-Ahead or daily) or the coming weekend (weekend). Spot products make it possible to adjust gas purchases as closely as possible to consumer needs.
- Future products or futures contracts, purchased several months (products Month-Ahead), quarters or years prior to delivery. Less volatile, these products help to control risks and secure gas supplies. The fixed price per MWh is negotiated on the date the contract is signed.
Natural gas suppliers also enter into very long term contracts (20 to 30 years), directly with producers.
A unique PEG Gas in France: the Trading Region France (TRF)
In France, the gas market is regulated by a single market place. This has not always been the case. France has experienced up to five balancing zones.
Before 2018: the coexistence of two PEG Gas
If the PEG exchange point is virtual, natural gas exchanges are physical. They are carried out in interconnection areas, connecting French and international transport and distribution networks. These are the balancing zones.
From 2015 to 2018, France had two PEG Gas. Each was attached to a balancing zone:
- The PEG Nord corresponded to the balancing zone connecting the transport network of GRTgas north to the countries of northern and eastern Europe.
- The PEG Sud or TRS (Trading Region South) corresponded to the balancing zones connecting the transport network of GRTgas Sud and that of Teréga (formerly TIGF) to the countries of southern Europe.
Since November 1, 2018: the birth of the TRF
This coexistence of two market places resulted in PEG price disparities between the north and the south.
For a fairer French market for end consumers and more competitive at the European level, the Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE) merged the two PEGs to 1Er November 2018, following the principle “one country, one price”.
The single PEG is called the Trading Region France (TRF). It includes the two balancing areas of GRTgas and Teréga.
What is the impact of PEG on gas prices in France?
The PEG evolution of gas prices serves as a reference for historical and alternative suppliers to set the kWh price for their gas offers.
Gas offers at indexed prices
Gas offers at indexed prices follow the fluctuations in the natural gas PEG index. The supplier can use the “End of the Day” gas price or the European Gas Spot Index (Eex) as a reference.
If the PEG Gas index changes every day, the offers at indexed prices evolve according to the periodicity provided for in the supply contract, most often every month.
Choosing an offer with indexed prices is a Financial bet. While this type of contract allows you to benefit directly from market price decreases, an increase results in an immediate surge in The energy bill.
Gas offers at fixed prices
Gas offers at fixed prices ensure better financial visibility in the long term. The price per kWh for gas is stable and guaranteed until the next indexation of the rates provided for in the contract.
While this type of offer is secure, the price per kWh applied by the supplier is generally higher than the PEG index on the date the contract was signed. It also does not allow you to benefit from lower gas prices on the market.
Regulated gas sales rates (TRVG)
Born with the creation of the GDF monopoly in 1946, regulated gas sales tariffs (TRVG) aimed to guarantee equal access to energy and a stable price. Following the liberalization of energy markets, TRVG was definitively abolished on 30 June 2023 for all end consumers.
Since then, to help consumers compare the offers of energy suppliers, the Commission de Régulation de l'Énergie (CRE) has been publishing the monthly Price list of the Prix Repère du Gaz. It corresponds to the average estimate of the costs borne by suppliers in supplying gas to a residential consumer.
In January 2024, the indicative average benchmark price was €92.76 per MWh, down 4% after three consecutive months of increase.
What influences gas prices in France?
The price of gas in France is influenced by numerous financial, economic, political or climatic factors. This complexity makes forecasting difficult.
The evolution of supply and demand
The MWh price of gas evolves according to imbalances between supply and demand. According to the law of the market, a high demand in relation to supply results in an increase in prices, and vice versa.
For example, in the year of Covid-19, there was a drop in gas prices due to the slowdown in economic activity. Likewise, global warming, energy sobriety and the development of renewable energies are leading to a decrease in demand and a decrease in the price per MWh of gas.
On the other hand, all it takes is a cold spell and high heating needs for the price to rise again.
The influence of other financial markets
The MWh price of gas also follows the evolution of prices on other markets. It varies according to:
- Price of petroleum : historically, the price of oil has served as a reference for the price of gas. Thus, an increase in the cost of a barrel often results in an increase in the price of gas.
- Price of CO2 : the combustion of natural gas causes CO emissions2 to be offset by buying quotas on the European carbon market.
- Eurodollar exchange rate : listed on the stock exchange in dollars, gas is subject to exchange rate fluctuations between the euro and the dollar.
- MWh gas prices in other European markets, and in particular on the powerful Dutch TTF market.
The geopolitical context
The geopolitical situation of gas-producing countries also affects the cost per MWh of gas. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine This is illustrated by the sharp increase in gas prices caused by the weakening of supplies and the reduction in the supply of natural gas.
More recently, in the fall of 2023, the gas price was impacted upward by strikes on gas sites in Australia, the drop in gas exports by Israel or even the attacks by LNG carriers in the Red Sea...
Where can I consult gas prices on the wholesale market in real time?
💡 SirEnergies is committed to supporting its customers as closely as possible to their needs and optimizing their energy contracts. We monitor the price of the PEG Gas index in real time and let's make this data available to our customers.
📈 Do you want to know the MWh prices of natural gas on the wholesale market in real time and follow their evolution? Register now on the SirEnergies app. You will be able to view market prices and monitor your energy contracts.
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The answers to your questions
What is the main objective of the Multiannual Energy 3 Programming?
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The central objective of PPE 3 is to engage France towards carbon neutrality by 2050 by breaking the country's historical dependence on fossil fuels.
Today, approximately 60% of final energy consumption in France still relies on imported oil and natural gas. PPE 3 aims to radically reverse this trend by setting an ambitious target: to reach 60% of carbon-free energies in final consumption by 2030.
To achieve this, PPE 3 pursues three major sub-objectives:
- Massive decarbonization: Replace fossil fuels with low-carbon electricity or renewable heat in industry, transport and buildings.
- Energy sovereignty: Reduce the national energy bill (around 60 billion euros per year) and get rid of the volatility of the global gas and oil markets.
- Economic competitiveness: Guarantee businesses and households access to stable, abundant and predictable energy at a predictable cost, disconnected from geopolitical crises.
L'IA remplace-t-elle les analystes en énergie ?
Non. L'IA traite la donnée (data processing), mais l'analyste apporte la compréhension du contexte (market sentiment) et la prise de décision stratégique.
Pourquoi le mécanisme de capacité a-t-il été créé ?
Instauré en 2017, ce dispositif répond à un enjeu de sécurité nationale.
L'électricité ne se stockant pas à grande échelle, le réseau doit être capable de répondre instantanément à la demande, même lors des pics de froid hivernaux. Le mécanisme incite financièrement les producteurs à maintenir leurs centrales disponibles et les entreprises à réduire leur consommation (effacement) lors de ces périodes critiques.
Quelle est la différence entre un prix Forward et un prix Spot ?
Le prix Forward est fixé à l'avance (sécurité budgétaire), tandis que le prix Spot varie heure par heure selon le marché (opportunité mais risque élevé).
Pourquoi ma facture de gaz va-t-elle augmenter en 2026 ?
L'augmentation s'explique par la revalorisation de l'Accise sur le gaz à 16,39 €/MWh et la hausse de 3,41 % du tarif de transport (ATRT 8).
S'y ajoute l'entrée en vigueur des Certificats de Production de Biogaz (CPB), un nouveau coût réglementaire pour soutenir le biométhane.
Face à ces évolutions, Sirenergies vous accompagne dans l'achat de gaz naturel pour sécuriser vos prix malgré la volatilité du marché.
Quels sont les cas d'usage concrets des différents types d'IA pour un acheteur d'énergie ?
Chaque modèle d'IA répond à un besoin spécifique du cycle d'achat :
- L’IA générative sert d'assistant de recherche pour synthétiser en quelques minutes des rapports de marché massifs (veille stratégique).
- L’IA déterministe est l'outil de la fiabilité : elle est indispensable pour le forecast (prévision de consommation) car ses calculs sont mathématiques et reproductibles.
- L’IA probabiliste est dédiée à la gestion des risques : elle simule des scénarios (ex: météo, stocks) pour quantifier l'incertitude sur les budgets futurs.
L'expertise humaine reste néanmoins indispensable.
Quel sera l'impact réel du VNU sur ma facture d'électricité professionnelle ?
L'impact dépendra des prix de marché. Le mécanisme prévoit une redistribution si les prix dépassent 78 €/MWh. Cependant, si les cours restent bas (actuellement autour de 60 €/MWh), le dispositif ne s'activera pas. La facture sera alors indexée à 100% sur les prix de marché, rendant le choix du fournisseur et du moment d'achat critiques.
Pourquoi le seuil de 78 €/MWh est-il critiqué par les experts ?
Ce seuil est jugé élevé par rapport aux prévisions actuelles du marché. Si le prix de l'électricité reste en dessous de 78 €/MWh, les entreprises ne bénéficieront d'aucune redistribution. Cela signifie que la protection promise par la réforme pourrait être inexistante dans un marché baissier, d'où l'importance de stratégies de sourcing agiles et d'outils de monitoring comme Pilott.
What are the customer reviews on bellenergie Business's customer service?
In 2025, the supplier had a NPS (Net Promoter Score) of +16 and a note of 4,17/5.
Satisfaction is based on a “zero solicitation” model and 100% in-house customer service in Toulon, guaranteeing proximity and responsiveness that cannot be found with major historical suppliers.
Qu'est-ce que le dispositif VNU qui remplace l'ARENH en 2026 ?
La Vente de Nucléaire Universelle (VNU) est le nouveau mécanisme de régulation des prix de l'électricité en France. Contrairement à l'ARENH, il ne s'agit plus d'un volume fixe à prix réduit, mais d'une redistribution financière des revenus excédentaires d'EDF aux consommateurs, basée sur les prix de marché et les coûts de production du nucléaire historique.
Pourquoi l'IA ne peut-elle pas prédire le prix de l'énergie avec exactitude ?
Car les marchés dépendent de facteurs exogènes imprévisibles (géopolitique, météo soudaine, politique) que les modèles basés sur l'historique ne peuvent pas anticiper, tout comme on ne prédit pas le Loto.
Mon entreprise peut-elle tirer profit des nouvelles Heures Creuses (11h-17h)?
Absolument. La réforme des heures creuses vise à absorber la surproduction solaire en milieu de journée. Les créneaux d'heures creuses se déplacent progressivement vers la plage 11h00 – 17h00, notamment en été. C'est une opportunité majeure pour les sites industriels ou tertiaires capables de flexibilité.
Conseil stratégique :
- Pilotage de la charge : Si vous avez des processus énergivores (fours, broyeurs, recharge de flotte de véhicules électriques, production de froid), déplacez leur fonctionnement sur la pause méridienne. L'électricité y sera moins chère et moins carbonée.
- Autoconsommation : C'est le moment idéal pour coupler cette tarification avec une installation photovoltaïque en toiture ou en ombrière de parking. Vous effacez votre consommation réseau au moment où le tarif serait le plus avantageux, ou vous profitez des prix bas du réseau si votre production ne suffit pas.
What is the Multiannual Energy Programming (PPE)?
La Multiannual Energy Programming (PPE) is the strategic management tool for France's energy policy. Established by the 2015 law on energy transition for green growth (LTECV), it serves as a compass for the State, communities and businesses.
Concretely, the PPE sets the priorities for action of the public authorities for the management of all forms of energy on the national territory. It covers a period of ten years, divided into two periods of five years, and must be revised periodically to adapt to technological and economic developments.
It deals with major topics such as:
- Security of supply.
- Improving energy efficiency and reducing consumption.
- The development of renewable and recovered energies.
- The electrical production strategy (nuclear, thermal, etc.).
- The balanced development of networks and storage.
It is crucial not to confuse it with National Low Carbon Strategy (SNBC). While SNBC sets carbon budgets (the ceilings for greenhouse gas emissions by sector), the PPE determines the technical and energy resources to achieve them.
What are the electricity offers offered by bellenergie Business?
The range E @sy is available in four pricing structures to adapt to each risk profile:
- E @sy Fixed: 100% budget visibility without variation.
- E @sy Click: Smoothed price thanks to staggered purchases on the markets.
- E @sy Block + Spot: A mix between a secure base and a portion indexed to daily prices.
- E @sy Sport: A 100% dynamic offer to take advantage of downside opportunities in real time.
Fin de l'ARENH au 31 décembre 2025 : comment sécuriser mon budget énergie pour 2026?
La fin de l'ARENH (Accès Régulé à l'Électricité Nucléaire Historique) marque l'arrêt de la fourniture d'électricité à prix fixe garanti (42 €/MWh).
Dès le 1er janvier 2026, les entreprises sont exposées aux prix de marché, mais deux nouveaux mécanismes de régulation prennent le relais, bien que leur logique soit différente :
- Le Versement Nucléaire Universel (VNU) : Ce n'est pas un tarif d'achat, mais un mécanisme de redistribution a posteriori. Si les prix de marché de l'électricité nucléaire dépassent un certain seuil (environ 78 €/MWh selon les estimations pour 2026), EDF reversera 50 % des revenus excédentaires aux consommateurs. Attention : Si les prix de marché restent modérés (sous les 78 €/MWh), le VNU ne se déclenche pas. Il agit comme une assurance contre les flambées extrêmes, pas comme un tarif bas garanti.
- Les CAPN (Contrats d'Allocation de Production Nucléaire) : Réservés aux industriels électro-intensifs, ces contrats de long terme (10-15 ans) permettent de réserver une part de la production nucléaire en échange d'une participation aux coûts du parc. Ils offrent une visibilité sur le long terme pour 50 à 70 % des volumes consommés.
Conseil stratégique : Ne comptez pas sur le VNU pour réduire votre facture en 2026 si les marchés restent stables. Auditez vos contrats dès maintenant pour intégrer une part de prix fixe ou explorer des "Power Purchase Agreements" (PPA) pour sécuriser vos coûts sur le long terme.
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