
March 4, 2026
9
Min reading

Subject to the obligation to subscribe to a market offer, companies have been suffering from soaring prices for three years. In this uncertain context, how can you build your company's electricity purchase strategy?
Understanding the wholesale electricity market is essential to make the best choices.
A meeting place between supply and demand, the wholesale electricity market sets electricity prices, reflected on your bill.
How does this market work? How are electricity prices determined? SirEnergies deciphers the wholesale electricity market to help you buy your electricity at the best rate.
The French electricity market is distinguished from other European markets by one particularity: the purchase of electricity on the wholesale market only covers part of the French electricity consumption, in addition to the electricity production of the national nuclear fleet.
Until the 1990s, the electricity supply market in France was dominated by EDF monopoly. Since then, under the impetus of Europe, the gradual liberalization of energy markets has completely reshuffled the cards.
Since 2007, the French electricity market is totally open to competition. While individuals can still subscribe to offers at the regulated sales rate, this is no longer the case for all professional consumers.
Since 2016, companies with a power greater than 36 kVA have theobligation to contract so-called market offers. The obligation was extended on 1Er January 2021 to all companies employing more than 10 employees and whose turnover, revenue or balance sheet exceed 2 million euros annually.
The opening up to competition was accompanied byrise of many alternative suppliers. At the end of 2023, more than forty people in France were competing for the market, alongside the historic national supplier EDF.
In France, most of the electricity consumed comes from National nuclear production , complemented by supplies on the European electricity market.
To maintain fair competition between the historical supplier EDF and alternative suppliers, France established in 2010 the mechanism of ARENH (Regulated access to historic nuclear energy).
ARENH allows alternative suppliers to buy a volume of nuclear electricity each year at a regulated price. Fixed since 2012 at €42 per MWh, the ARENH tariff allows all French consumers to benefit from the competitiveness of nuclear electricity, regardless of their supplier.
However, the right to ARENH is subject to rules of capping and Of clipping, limiting the volumes of nuclear electricity purchased. To cover all the consumption needs of their customers, alternative suppliers must supplement their supply by buying electricity on the wholesale energy market.
Electricity is an energy that is difficult to store. The wholesale electricity market Allows you to insure The balance between supply and demand in real time.
The wholesale electricity market brings together three types of players:
In Europe, transactions between electricity suppliers and producers are organized within a country or at its borders with interconnected countries:
All markets work on the mechanism of supply and demand. The principle is simple: when demand exceeds supply, prices increase; when demand is less than supply, prices fall.
On the European electricity market, however, fixing prices is more complex. A particular factor comes into play in determining the price of electricity, what is called the Merit Order : The marginal cost of the last power plant called up to meet demand (i.e. the cost of producing an additional 1 MWh of electricity).
Concretely:
To ensure affordable prices for consumers, power plants are called in order of increasing variable costs.
Suppliers can buy their electricity in the short term on the spot market and/or anticipate their purchases on the forward market.
Spot products are short-term products. The electricity is purchased by the supplier for a same day delivery (intraday products or Intraday) Or the next day (daily products or Day-Ahead). In particular, spot products allow suppliers to readjust their long-term purchase contracts, as close as possible to the delivery of electricity.
Short-term products are traded on spot market. This one Compares supply and demand almost in real time electricity from interconnected countries, members of the same market. The reference spot price is fixed every day before 13:00 p.m., via an auction mechanism between countries, according to their electricity exchange needs and available interconnection capacities.
One platform for continuous price adjustment in real time (XBID) complements the system with hourly or half-hourly products. In France, The purchase of electricity can be negotiated up to 5 minutes before the delivery time to adapt to consumer needs.
These short-term prices are particularly volatile. Very sensitive, they react up or down to the slightest event affecting demand and supply on the market (climate event, failure of a power plant, etc.).
Futures products or Forward refer to the electricity purchases made on the wholesale energy market several weeks, months or years before delivery. The price applied is the firm price negotiated on the date of conclusion of the contract.
By buying a portion of their electricity in advance, suppliers secure their electricity supply. They ensure that they can meet the electrical consumption needs of their end customers, by having a greater flexibility over the delivery period.
The products Forward offer a better visibility and price control, the challenge being to buy electricity at a time when the negotiated rate is the most attractive. Less volatile than spot prices, long-term prices are generally those used by suppliers to define the prices of their offers.
As a company, you are faced with a choice when subscribing to your market offer: is it more interesting to choose a contract indexed to the market Forward or a contract indexed to the spot market? There is no There is no single answer to this question.
The answer depends on the company's electricity needs and its fiscal capacity to absorb price fluctuations.
SirEnergies is at your side to help you personalize your purchasing strategy Of electricity according to your electricity consumption and your risk profile.
Offers indexed to the market Forward guarantee the company a stable and determined price until the next indexation of the rates provided for in the contract.
In return for security, the price will often be higher to that of a spot product to take into account the safety margins of producers and suppliers. At the end of August 2023, the price on the long-term market thus exceeded 1,000 euros per MWh in France!
With these contracts, the company protects itself from increases in electricity prices. But she Don't take advantage of price cuts which can be attractive, even in times of inflation.
Thus, in October 2021, the price per MWh reached 0.00 euros in France, due to low demand combined with high wind production.
These contracts do not exclude the additional purchase of electricity on the spot market to adjust delivery to real energy consumption needs.
Contrary to the fears of many businesses, electricity supply offers indexed to the spot market are not 100% volatile.
A majority of the volume of electricity consumed by the company remains secured by purchases on long-term markets. Only a minority share of consumption is acquired on the spot market in cash, and subject to a variable price not known in advance.
If the reference spot market price is down at the time of purchase, a spot product is a winning financial strategy for the company. On the other hand, the increase in the spot price automatically results in an increase in the electricity bill.
💡 SirEnergies helps companies to understand the wholesale electricity market and to follow its evolution on a daily basis.
With The SirEnergies app, you will be able to visualize the Forecast over 3 years old and access the history of past products or receive daily prices by SMS. As an added bonus, you'll receive our weekly market analysis.
Si opening up the wholesale electricity market to competition aimed at maintaining affordable electricity prices for all European consumers, the last few years have demonstrated the limitations of the system.
In particular, the aim is to determine the price of electricity by the last power plant called, with the consequence of combining gas and electricity prices.
To combat the rise in prices and in response to the demand of many countries, the European Commission published on 14 March 2023 a Proposal to reform the European electricity market.
The objective is threefold: to protect consumers by offering them better price stability, to increase investments in renewable energies through financial aid and to strengthen the competitiveness of the industrial sector by signing long-term contracts guaranteeing an affordable energy price.
A first agreement was reached on 17 October between European energy ministers. The next step: the start of tripartite negotiations between the European Parliament, the Member States and the European Commission.

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La réussite d'un projet collectif énergie repose sur trois piliers fondamentaux :
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The €/MWh is a price unit used in wholesale markets, while kWh is the unit visible on your bills.
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Farms must deal with high seasonal needs (greenhouse heating, irrigation, storage) and high volatility of prizes. Controlling these costs is essential to maintain profitability and secure the business.
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Pas nécessairement sur votre facture finale. Si les prix de gros (le prix de l'énergie brute) ont baissé, les coûts d'acheminement (TURPE) et certaines taxes augmentent, compensant souvent la baisse de la part énergie.
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Some businesses may obtain a partial or total exemption from the TICFE or the TICGN, depending on their activity and energy intensity. The support of an expert makes it possible to identify the eligibility criteria and to put together the file.
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Farms are subject to taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies verifies their application, identifies cases of exemption and accompanies the procedures to reduce the tax burden.
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Car les marchés dépendent de facteurs exogènes imprévisibles (géopolitique, météo soudaine, politique) que les modèles basés sur l'historique ne peuvent pas anticiper, tout comme on ne prédit pas le Loto.
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Non. L'IA traite la donnée (data processing), mais l'analyste apporte la compréhension du contexte (market sentiment) et la prise de décision stratégique.
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C'est le levier le plus rapide pour obtenir des résultats visibles. L'éclairage représente environ 40 % de la consommation d'électricité d'une commune.
Passer au LED avec pilotage intelligent permet de réduire la facture de 50 à 80 %, avec un retour sur investissement (ROI) rapide, souvent estimé à 2 ou 3 ans.
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The subscribed power must be calculated according to the consumption profile and uses (heating, industrial processes, tertiary equipment). One fine analysis makes it possible to ensure the adequacy between real need and contract.
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Ce record de 92,3 TWh s'explique par la conjonction de trois facteurs :
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The range E @sy is available in four pricing structures to adapt to each risk profile:
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L'impact dépendra des prix de marché. Le mécanisme prévoit une redistribution si les prix dépassent 78 €/MWh. Cependant, si les cours restent bas (actuellement autour de 60 €/MWh), le dispositif ne s'activera pas. La facture sera alors indexée à 100% sur les prix de marché, rendant le choix du fournisseur et du moment d'achat critiques.
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Ce seuil est jugé élevé par rapport aux prévisions actuelles du marché. Si le prix de l'électricité reste en dessous de 78 €/MWh, les entreprises ne bénéficieront d'aucune redistribution. Cela signifie que la protection promise par la réforme pourrait être inexistante dans un marché baissier, d'où l'importance de stratégies de sourcing agiles et d'outils de monitoring comme Pilott.
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Sourcing consists in identifying and analysing the offers of several electricity and gas suppliers. This approach makes it possible to obtain contracts adapted to the consumption profile and budgetary constraints of the company.
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La Vente de Nucléaire Universelle (VNU) est le nouveau mécanisme de régulation des prix de l'électricité en France. Contrairement à l'ARENH, il ne s'agit plus d'un volume fixe à prix réduit, mais d'une redistribution financière des revenus excédentaires d'EDF aux consommateurs, basée sur les prix de marché et les coûts de production du nucléaire historique.
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Tertiary companies are concerned by taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies checks the accuracy of invoices, identifies possible exemptions, and helps correct errors to sustainably reduce costs.
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Plusieurs leviers existent pour préserver la fiscalité locale :
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All businesses, from SMEs to large organizations, can benefit from this service. Les local authorities also find it a lever to better control their budgets.
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These are signals sent by RTE during periods of tension on the electrical network. The Sirenergies tool informs you in real time to anticipate your uses.
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Même le bâtiment le plus moderne et le mieux isolé perd son efficacité si ses usages sont inadaptés. La technologie et les normes ne suffisent pas : la transition énergétique est avant tout une transformation humaine.
Derrière chaque kilowattheure consommé se cache une habitude.
Un collaborateur sensibilisé comprend qu'ouvrir une fenêtre alors que le chauffage est allumé ou laisser un ordinateur en veille consomme de l'énergie inutilement. En replaçant l'humain au centre de la stratégie de gestion de l'énergie, l'entreprise s'assure que ses équipements performants sont utilisés de manière optimale, garantissant ainsi une rentabilité durable et un impact environnemental réduit.
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Industrial companies consume large volumes of energy for their production processes. They have to deal with the volatility of prizes, multi-site management and specific taxes. Controlling costs is essential to remain competitive.
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Le calendrier 2026 impose deux échéances majeures :
Pour simplifier ces démarches, vous pouvez centraliser vos données de consommation avec la plateforme Pilott de Sirenergies, garantissant ainsi la conformité de vos rapports réglementaires.
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Sourcing offers better visibility on the market and promotes the selection of competitive contracts. It helps to reduce the risks associated with price volatility and to optimize the energy budget.
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Un appel d’offres permet de mettre en concurrence plusieurs fournisseurs d’électricité et de gaz afin d’obtenir des conditions contractuelles optimisées. C’est une démarche transparente qui permet de choisir l’offre la plus adaptée aux besoins budgétaires et techniques de l’organisation.
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Chaque modèle d'IA répond à un besoin spécifique du cycle d'achat :
L'expertise humaine reste néanmoins indispensable.
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Communities are subject to taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies analyzes invoices, identifies exemption possibilities and fixes possible errors to reduce the tax burden.
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In 2025, the supplier had a NPS (Net Promoter Score) of +16 and a note of 4,17/5.
Satisfaction is based on a “zero solicitation” model and 100% in-house customer service in Toulon, guaranteeing proximity and responsiveness that cannot be found with major historical suppliers.
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Absolument. La réforme des heures creuses vise à absorber la surproduction solaire en milieu de journée. Les créneaux d'heures creuses se déplacent progressivement vers la plage 11h00 – 17h00, notamment en été. C'est une opportunité majeure pour les sites industriels ou tertiaires capables de flexibilité.
Conseil stratégique :
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Idéalement entre 6 et 12 mois avant l'échéance, de préférence au printemps ou au début de l'été lorsque la demande est plus faible.
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Les profits include a direct reduction in bills, strengthened budgetary forecasting and better control of consumption. Businesses gain visibility and efficiency thanks to adapted tools.
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Le kVA mesure la capacité maximale que votre compteur peut supporter à un instant T, tandis que le kWh mesure la quantité d'énergie consommée sur une durée.
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Among the taxes include TICFE, TICGN, CTA, CJA and TURPE. They represent a significant part of the bill and vary according to consumption profiles. Understanding them well is essential to optimize costs.
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The industry is concerned by TICFE, TICGN and other contributions that may represent an important part of invoices. Sirenergies identifies cases of exemption and accompanies the procedures to benefit from them.
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Tertiary companies must manage their energy costs while guaranteeing the comfort of users (offices, shops, services). Consumption is often linked to heating, air conditioning and lighting, which requires precise monitoring to avoid budgetary excesses.
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Exceeding capacity leads to financial penalties and can impact the size of the contract. Adjust the correctly subscribed power makes it possible to avoid these additional costs.
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L'ARENH est remplacé par le VNU (Versement Nucléaire Universel), un mécanisme de redistribution des revenus excédentaires d'EDF en cas de prix très élevés, et par les CAPN, des contrats long terme pour les gros industriels.
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Le dispositif ARENH a laissé place au VNU (Versement Nucléaire Universel).
Ce changement structurel expose davantage les entreprises aux prix de gros, rendant la gestion des risques plus complexe qu'auparavant.
Il devient alors indispensable de définir une stratégie d'achat d'électricité avec Sirenergies pour lisser l'impact de la volatilité des marchés sur votre budget.
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En analysant votre courbe de charge pour identifier la puissance réelle appelée, puis en demandant un ajustement à votre fournisseur ou via un expert en énergie.
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Le processus repose sur l'utilisation de la force de l'eau (énergie cinétique) issue des courants, des chutes d'eau ou des dénivelés. Le fonctionnement suit trois étapes clés :
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L'abondance de production française tire les prix du marché de gros vers le bas.
En vertu du mécanisme de l'Ordre de Mérite (Merit Order), les centrales les moins coûteuses (nucléaire, renouvelables) couvrent la demande plus souvent, évinçant les centrales à gaz ou charbon plus onéreuses.
Cela multiplie les épisodes de prix bas, voire négatifs, sur le marché spot.
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Changing suppliers can allow you to benefit from more competitive prices, adapted services or better contractual conditions. Thanks to sourcing, change is happening without interruption of supply.
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En 2026, les principaux leviers sont : la renégociation de votre contrat de fourniture au bon moment, l'optimisation de votre tarif d'acheminement (TURPE), la vérification de votre éligibilité aux taux réduits de taxes (Accise), et la réduction de votre consommation (efficacité énergétique, autoconsommation).
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C'est l'indicateur d'efficacité d'un appareil électrique ; il représente le ratio entre la puissance active (utile) et la puissance apparente (totale).
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La fin de l'ARENH (Accès Régulé à l'Électricité Nucléaire Historique) marque l'arrêt de la fourniture d'électricité à prix fixe garanti (42 €/MWh).
Dès le 1er janvier 2026, les entreprises sont exposées aux prix de marché, mais deux nouveaux mécanismes de régulation prennent le relais, bien que leur logique soit différente :
Conseil stratégique : Ne comptez pas sur le VNU pour réduire votre facture en 2026 si les marchés restent stables. Auditez vos contrats dès maintenant pour intégrer une part de prix fixe ou explorer des "Power Purchase Agreements" (PPA) pour sécuriser vos coûts sur le long terme.
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One invoice consists of several elements: consumption, supplier share, taxes and contributions. The analysis of each line makes it possible to identify possible errors and to check the consistency with the signed contract.
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The central objective of PPE 3 is to engage France towards carbon neutrality by 2050 by breaking the country's historical dependence on fossil fuels.
Today, approximately 60% of final energy consumption in France still relies on imported oil and natural gas. PPE 3 aims to radically reverse this trend by setting an ambitious target: to reach 60% of carbon-free energies in final consumption by 2030.
To achieve this, PPE 3 pursues three major sub-objectives:
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Oui, elle est considérée comme une énergie renouvelable à faibles émissions de gaz à effet de serre.
De plus, l'eau ne subit aucune transformation chimique durant le cycle de production et réintègre son milieu naturel en aval.
Cependant, la construction de barrages nécessite des mesures pour protéger les écosystèmes (débit minimum, passes à poissons).
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La Multiannual Energy Programming (PPE) is the strategic management tool for France's energy policy. Established by the 2015 law on energy transition for green growth (LTECV), it serves as a compass for the State, communities and businesses.
Concretely, the PPE sets the priorities for action of the public authorities for the management of all forms of energy on the national territory. It covers a period of ten years, divided into two periods of five years, and must be revised periodically to adapt to technological and economic developments.
It deals with major topics such as:
It is crucial not to confuse it with National Low Carbon Strategy (SNBC). While SNBC sets carbon budgets (the ceilings for greenhouse gas emissions by sector), the PPE determines the technical and energy resources to achieve them.
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Instauré en 2017, ce dispositif répond à un enjeu de sécurité nationale.
L'électricité ne se stockant pas à grande échelle, le réseau doit être capable de répondre instantanément à la demande, même lors des pics de froid hivernaux. Le mécanisme incite financièrement les producteurs à maintenir leurs centrales disponibles et les entreprises à réduire leur consommation (effacement) lors de ces périodes critiques.
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Le transport (RTE) correspond aux "autoroutes" de l’électricité. Il s’agit de transporter de très grandes quantités d'énergie sur de longues distances, depuis les centrales de production (nucléaires, barrages, parcs éoliens offshore) vers les régions de consommation.
La distribution (Enedis) s'apparente aux "routes départementales" et aux rues. Elle récupère l'électricité à la sortie du réseau de transport pour la livrer directement chez le client final, en abaissant la tension pour qu'elle soit utilisable par vos appareils.
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This makes it possible to choose the right time to contract, secure your budgets and anticipate increases.
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Parce que la puissance souscrite en kVA détermine le prix de l'abonnement et que tout dépassement peut entraîner des surcoûts importants.
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En 2025, la France a atteint un solde exportateur net de 92,3 TWh, battant le précédent record de 2024 (89 TWh).
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Le prix Forward est fixé à l'avance (sécurité budgétaire), tandis que le prix Spot varie heure par heure selon le marché (opportunité mais risque élevé).
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Yes. The supplier guarantees an offer 100% renewable via the official Guarantees of Origin (GO) mechanism.
For the most demanding companies, the offer GREENVOLT+ ensures very low carbon intensity electricity, sourced exclusively from independent French producers (hydraulic, wind, solar).


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À cause du principe du prix marginal : lorsque la demande est forte, on démarre des centrales à gaz. Le coût de production de ces centrales, incluant le prix du combustible sur Powernext et les quotas de CO2, devient le prix de marché pour toute l'électricité vendue à cette heure-là.
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Le marché de gros est complexe et opaque. Un cabinet vous apporte une expertise neutre, indépendante des fournisseurs, pour décrypter les bilans du SDES et arbitrer vos décisions d'achat au moment le plus opportun.
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Seuls les fournisseurs d'énergie et certains très grands industriels (électro-intensifs) possèdent les garanties financières pour traiter directement sur EEX ou EPEX. Pour la majorité des PME et ETI, l'accès se fait via un contrat de fourniture dont le prix est indexé ou reflète ces marchés.