
January 28, 2026
5
Min reading

Next winter is likely to be tense on the French electricity grid if the majority of nuclear power plants remain shut down. There is still uncertainty despite the recent reboot announcements.
The electrical system manager then has several means at his disposal in order to manage his various voltages. The load shedding is one, which is used only if the other means at its disposal are no longer available or already exhausted.
It is quite rare to see this device be triggered, however the recent tensions on the markets and the unavailability of power plants are bringing this subject back to the forefront.
What is load shedding? What are the impacts of electrical load shedding on businesses? And what are the different load shedding scenarios in France for 2023? Answer in this article.
The principle of load shedding in an electrical network is quite simple. It's about the voluntary cessation of electricity supply of one or more consumers to restore the balance between production and consumption on the network and thus maintain the frequency around 50 hertz.
It is one of the last ways available network operators in order to avoid cascading drops in voltage and frequency.
To avoid a collapse of the electrical system, we stop supplying certain areas.
As we explained to you in our previous article on the Electric blackout, a balance problem between electricity production and consumption can trigger a cascade reaction. To avoid this, load shedding is a last resort.
It is also possible to equip yourself with loaders in order to cut off the power supply to certain installations within companies and even in individuals.
Electricity is an energy that does not Can not be stored on a large scale. However, it has the physical characteristic of having to maintain a perfect balance between supply and demand.
When consumption exceeds production, the balance of the entire electrical system is at risk. It is one of the main missions of network managers to ensure that this balance is maintained.
To do this, they have several means of intervention. For example, there are several power reserves ready to support the frequency of the grid if a nuclear power plant were to suddenly disconnect.
One of these methods is electrical load shedding. It mainly intervenes in two cases:
There are 4 different forms of electrical load shedding:
These measures are not all triggered at the same time, depending on the situation, but this measure remains exceptional.
In France, the operational results of network operators Enedis and RTE are still very robust, the average outage time is one of the lowest in Europe.
Load shedding has sometimes been used sparingly, but the tensions coming next winter suggest that its use will be necessary. All this will depend on the level of availability of EDF nuclear power plants.
The energy markets remain very tight with, for the main reason, The conflict in Ukraine. This exceptional situation may require the use of measures such as load shedding.
If the network situation is so critical that it is necessary to trigger automatic load shedding measures, the companies concerned will suffer a stopping the electricity supply to their sites. This can be very harmful, but this measure is in response to an emergency situation.
The Power Transmission Network Defense Plan provides for 5 measures, and automatic load shedding is the last. Before that, some companies that have signed an interruptibility contract may be called in order to cut off their power. These shutdowns are paid according to the terms of the contract and therefore anticipated by the companies concerned, in contrast to load shedding.
Electrical load shedding can concern a wide range of customers, both professionals and individuals. As far as businesses are concerned, they are generally companies in the agricultural or industrial world located in rural areas.
Their load shedding is simpler from an operational point of view and involves only a few power lines. It is thus easier to manage for Enedis or RTE.
Many businesses are already used to modulating their electricity consumption with erasure contracts or other measures. However, these measures may also be subject to companies located on a zone of tension.
Some installations are protected against this type of voluntary power cuts. It is mainly about emergency services as well as hospitals. Some administrative buildings or servicemen sensitive people are also concerned. It is also possible to have a rescue group in order to avoid this type of damage.
Several scenarios are to be considered in the event of major tensions on the network for the winter of 2023.
The most likely scenario is that of a punctual load shedding And in a way rotating. That is to say, the electricity supply to certain areas (a neighborhood, a small town) is cut off during two hours maximum before changing the zone. This makes it possible not to penalize the same customers for a long time.
It is also possible for the network operator to Lower the voltage from 230 to 220 V. This will have the effect of reducing the power delivered to the network, making our electrical devices a little less efficient, and our bulbs less flickering. Add to this that these cuts, if they occur, are planned over very specific periods: between 8 am and 1 pm or 5:30pm and 8:30pm.
If the situation is extreme, it is possible to see Larger cuts (geographical or over time), but this scenario remains very unlikely in France.
The availability of nuclear power plants is the unknown in the current electrical system equation and for next winter. If the situation recovers faster than expected, the tension on the network will be greatly minimized.

The situation in Ukraine may also have consequences for tensions in Europe in terms ofgas supply. These two parameters will be key in determining the state of the electrical network in France and Europe in the coming months.
For more information, do not hesitate to consult our article Why does the price of electricity depend on gas?

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Instauré en 2017, ce dispositif répond à un enjeu de sécurité nationale.
L'électricité ne se stockant pas à grande échelle, le réseau doit être capable de répondre instantanément à la demande, même lors des pics de froid hivernaux. Le mécanisme incite financièrement les producteurs à maintenir leurs centrales disponibles et les entreprises à réduire leur consommation (effacement) lors de ces périodes critiques.
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L'abondance de production française tire les prix du marché de gros vers le bas.
En vertu du mécanisme de l'Ordre de Mérite (Merit Order), les centrales les moins coûteuses (nucléaire, renouvelables) couvrent la demande plus souvent, évinçant les centrales à gaz ou charbon plus onéreuses.
Cela multiplie les épisodes de prix bas, voire négatifs, sur le marché spot.
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Non. L'IA traite la donnée (data processing), mais l'analyste apporte la compréhension du contexte (market sentiment) et la prise de décision stratégique.
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Yes. The supplier guarantees an offer 100% renewable via the official Guarantees of Origin (GO) mechanism.
For the most demanding companies, the offer GREENVOLT+ ensures very low carbon intensity electricity, sourced exclusively from independent French producers (hydraulic, wind, solar).
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Le transport (RTE) correspond aux "autoroutes" de l’électricité. Il s’agit de transporter de très grandes quantités d'énergie sur de longues distances, depuis les centrales de production (nucléaires, barrages, parcs éoliens offshore) vers les régions de consommation.
La distribution (Enedis) s'apparente aux "routes départementales" et aux rues. Elle récupère l'électricité à la sortie du réseau de transport pour la livrer directement chez le client final, en abaissant la tension pour qu'elle soit utilisable par vos appareils.
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L'impact dépendra des prix de marché. Le mécanisme prévoit une redistribution si les prix dépassent 78 €/MWh. Cependant, si les cours restent bas (actuellement autour de 60 €/MWh), le dispositif ne s'activera pas. La facture sera alors indexée à 100% sur les prix de marché, rendant le choix du fournisseur et du moment d'achat critiques.
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The industry is concerned by TICFE, TICGN and other contributions that may represent an important part of invoices. Sirenergies identifies cases of exemption and accompanies the procedures to benefit from them.
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In 2025, the supplier had a NPS (Net Promoter Score) of +16 and a note of 4,17/5.
Satisfaction is based on a “zero solicitation” model and 100% in-house customer service in Toulon, guaranteeing proximity and responsiveness that cannot be found with major historical suppliers.
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Le prix Forward est fixé à l'avance (sécurité budgétaire), tandis que le prix Spot varie heure par heure selon le marché (opportunité mais risque élevé).
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Parce que la puissance souscrite en kVA détermine le prix de l'abonnement et que tout dépassement peut entraîner des surcoûts importants.
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Le kVA mesure la capacité maximale que votre compteur peut supporter à un instant T, tandis que le kWh mesure la quantité d'énergie consommée sur une durée.
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The range E @sy is available in four pricing structures to adapt to each risk profile:
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Tertiary companies are concerned by taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies checks the accuracy of invoices, identifies possible exemptions, and helps correct errors to sustainably reduce costs.
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C'est le levier le plus rapide pour obtenir des résultats visibles. L'éclairage représente environ 40 % de la consommation d'électricité d'une commune.
Passer au LED avec pilotage intelligent permet de réduire la facture de 50 à 80 %, avec un retour sur investissement (ROI) rapide, souvent estimé à 2 ou 3 ans.
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Ce seuil est jugé élevé par rapport aux prévisions actuelles du marché. Si le prix de l'électricité reste en dessous de 78 €/MWh, les entreprises ne bénéficieront d'aucune redistribution. Cela signifie que la protection promise par la réforme pourrait être inexistante dans un marché baissier, d'où l'importance de stratégies de sourcing agiles et d'outils de monitoring comme Pilott.
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These are signals sent by RTE during periods of tension on the electrical network. The Sirenergies tool informs you in real time to anticipate your uses.
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Exceeding capacity leads to financial penalties and can impact the size of the contract. Adjust the correctly subscribed power makes it possible to avoid these additional costs.
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La Multiannual Energy Programming (PPE) is the strategic management tool for France's energy policy. Established by the 2015 law on energy transition for green growth (LTECV), it serves as a compass for the State, communities and businesses.
Concretely, the PPE sets the priorities for action of the public authorities for the management of all forms of energy on the national territory. It covers a period of ten years, divided into two periods of five years, and must be revised periodically to adapt to technological and economic developments.
It deals with major topics such as:
It is crucial not to confuse it with National Low Carbon Strategy (SNBC). While SNBC sets carbon budgets (the ceilings for greenhouse gas emissions by sector), the PPE determines the technical and energy resources to achieve them.
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Un appel d’offres permet de mettre en concurrence plusieurs fournisseurs d’électricité et de gaz afin d’obtenir des conditions contractuelles optimisées. C’est une démarche transparente qui permet de choisir l’offre la plus adaptée aux besoins budgétaires et techniques de l’organisation.
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This makes it possible to choose the right time to contract, secure your budgets and anticipate increases.
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Car les marchés dépendent de facteurs exogènes imprévisibles (géopolitique, météo soudaine, politique) que les modèles basés sur l'historique ne peuvent pas anticiper, tout comme on ne prédit pas le Loto.
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Sourcing consists in identifying and analysing the offers of several electricity and gas suppliers. This approach makes it possible to obtain contracts adapted to the consumption profile and budgetary constraints of the company.
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Some businesses may obtain a partial or total exemption from the TICFE or the TICGN, depending on their activity and energy intensity. The support of an expert makes it possible to identify the eligibility criteria and to put together the file.
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La fin de l'ARENH (Accès Régulé à l'Électricité Nucléaire Historique) marque l'arrêt de la fourniture d'électricité à prix fixe garanti (42 €/MWh).
Dès le 1er janvier 2026, les entreprises sont exposées aux prix de marché, mais deux nouveaux mécanismes de régulation prennent le relais, bien que leur logique soit différente :
Conseil stratégique : Ne comptez pas sur le VNU pour réduire votre facture en 2026 si les marchés restent stables. Auditez vos contrats dès maintenant pour intégrer une part de prix fixe ou explorer des "Power Purchase Agreements" (PPA) pour sécuriser vos coûts sur le long terme.
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Le processus repose sur l'utilisation de la force de l'eau (énergie cinétique) issue des courants, des chutes d'eau ou des dénivelés. Le fonctionnement suit trois étapes clés :
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Tertiary companies must manage their energy costs while guaranteeing the comfort of users (offices, shops, services). Consumption is often linked to heating, air conditioning and lighting, which requires precise monitoring to avoid budgetary excesses.
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Ce record de 92,3 TWh s'explique par la conjonction de trois facteurs :
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The subscribed power must be calculated according to the consumption profile and uses (heating, industrial processes, tertiary equipment). One fine analysis makes it possible to ensure the adequacy between real need and contract.
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Among the taxes include TICFE, TICGN, CTA, CJA and TURPE. They represent a significant part of the bill and vary according to consumption profiles. Understanding them well is essential to optimize costs.
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Oui, elle est considérée comme une énergie renouvelable à faibles émissions de gaz à effet de serre.
De plus, l'eau ne subit aucune transformation chimique durant le cycle de production et réintègre son milieu naturel en aval.
Cependant, la construction de barrages nécessite des mesures pour protéger les écosystèmes (débit minimum, passes à poissons).
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The central objective of PPE 3 is to engage France towards carbon neutrality by 2050 by breaking the country's historical dependence on fossil fuels.
Today, approximately 60% of final energy consumption in France still relies on imported oil and natural gas. PPE 3 aims to radically reverse this trend by setting an ambitious target: to reach 60% of carbon-free energies in final consumption by 2030.
To achieve this, PPE 3 pursues three major sub-objectives:
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Absolument. La réforme des heures creuses vise à absorber la surproduction solaire en milieu de journée. Les créneaux d'heures creuses se déplacent progressivement vers la plage 11h00 – 17h00, notamment en été. C'est une opportunité majeure pour les sites industriels ou tertiaires capables de flexibilité.
Conseil stratégique :
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One invoice consists of several elements: consumption, supplier share, taxes and contributions. The analysis of each line makes it possible to identify possible errors and to check the consistency with the signed contract.
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La Vente de Nucléaire Universelle (VNU) est le nouveau mécanisme de régulation des prix de l'électricité en France. Contrairement à l'ARENH, il ne s'agit plus d'un volume fixe à prix réduit, mais d'une redistribution financière des revenus excédentaires d'EDF aux consommateurs, basée sur les prix de marché et les coûts de production du nucléaire historique.
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Farms are subject to taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies verifies their application, identifies cases of exemption and accompanies the procedures to reduce the tax burden.
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Chaque modèle d'IA répond à un besoin spécifique du cycle d'achat :
L'expertise humaine reste néanmoins indispensable.
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Le dispositif ARENH a laissé place au VNU (Versement Nucléaire Universel).
Ce changement structurel expose davantage les entreprises aux prix de gros, rendant la gestion des risques plus complexe qu'auparavant.
Il devient alors indispensable de définir une stratégie d'achat d'électricité avec Sirenergies pour lisser l'impact de la volatilité des marchés sur votre budget.
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C'est l'indicateur d'efficacité d'un appareil électrique ; il représente le ratio entre la puissance active (utile) et la puissance apparente (totale).
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Communities are subject to taxes such as TICFE or TICGN. Sirenergies analyzes invoices, identifies exemption possibilities and fixes possible errors to reduce the tax burden.
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En 2025, la France a atteint un solde exportateur net de 92,3 TWh, battant le précédent record de 2024 (89 TWh).
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The €/MWh is a price unit used in wholesale markets, while kWh is the unit visible on your bills.

